Richeldis de Faverches
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Richeldis de Faverches, also known as Rychold, was a devout English Christian noblewoman credited with establishing the original shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham, following a purported apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The story of the vision was recounted in the 15th century in "The Foundation of the Chapel of Walsingham" (also known as the "Pynson Ballad"), published by Richard Pynson ca. 1485. The reputed appearance of the Virgin Mary to Richeldis is one of the earliest Marian apparitions.
Traditional account
[edit]According to the tradition preserved in the ballad, Richeldis had a series of three visions in which the Virgin Mary appeared to her.[1] In these visions Richeldis was shown the house of the Annunciation in Nazareth and was told to build a replica of the house in Walsingham as a place of pilgrimage where people could honour the Virgin Mary. Mary is said to have promised, "Whoever seeks my help there will not go away empty-handed."[2]
According to the same tradition, there were early construction problems. One night, Richeldis heard singing and went out to her garden where she found that the little house had been completed about two hundred yards from the site of the original construction. Richeldis saw what she took to be angels leaving the now completed building.[3] The original Holy House was a simple wooden structure measuring approximately 24 ft. by 13 ft., with four small turrets and a central tower. The 'Holy House' was later encased in stone to protect it from the elements.[2]
Based upon a review of relevant documents, historian J.C. Dickinson (1959) posits a later date for the foundation of the shrine, sometime between 1130 and 1153, the founding of the nearby priory.[4] The Richeldis identified by J.C. Dickinson died in 1145, leaving her estate to her son. Before leaving to join the Second Crusade, Lord Geoffrey de Faverches had left the Holy House and its grounds to his chaplain, Edwin, to establish a religious order to care for the chapel of Our Lady of Walsingham. As travelling abroad became more difficult during the time of the Crusades, Walsingham became a place of pilgrimage, ranking alongside Jerusalem, Rome and Santiago de Compostela.[5]
The historian Henrietta Leyser also rejects the date of 1061, arguing that Richeldis flourished around 1130 and the family is not recorded in the Domesday Book as landowners in the area.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "A Brief History", The Roman Catholic Shrine of Our Lady, Walsingham, England
- ^ a b "A Brief History of the Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham", Archdiocese of Southwark
- ^ Moore, James T., "The Virgin of Walsingham"
- ^ Dickinson, J.D., The Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham, 1956, Walsingham Anglican Archives
- ^ "History of Walsingham", Walsingham Village, Norfolk, England
- ^ Leyser, Henrietta (2004). "Favereches [Favarches], Richeldis de (fl. c. 1130)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57621. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 13 August 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
External links
[edit]- Cooper, Kristina. "Walsingham in a Marian Year", Catholic Herald, 5 June 1987 at the Wayback Machine (archived 12 December 2013)
- Gapen, George Ben. "Our Lady of Walsingham: an Orthodox Introduction", 2002 "(dead link as of 15 January 2021)"