im

See also: Appendix:Variations of "im"

Translingual

Alternative forms

• (roman numeral): IM, CMXCIX, cmxcix

Symbol

im

1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing nine hundred ninety-nine (999).

See also

• Previous: iim (nine hundred and ninety-eight, 998)
• Next: m (one thousand, 1000)

English

Adjective

im (not comparable)

1. (medicine) Initialism of intramuscular.

   Alternative forms: IM, I.M., i.m.

   • 1999, Carrie J. Bagatell, William J. Bremmer, “Androgen and Estrogen Effects on Plasma Lipids in Men”, in Leonard Share, editor, Hormones and the Heart in Health and Disease (Contemporary Endocrinology; 21), Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, →ISBN, page 237:

     In the past few years, T patches have also been released for prescription usage. Both scrotally applied and nonscrotally applied vehicles are available. These forms of delivery offer more constant T levels and avoid the inconvenience of im injection.

Contraction

im

1. Misspelling of I'm.

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈim/ [ˈʔɪm]

Noun

ím m 

1. thing

Synonyms

• tú

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[5], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian

Alternative forms

• (Gheg) ẽm [ɛ̃m]
• (Gheg) (i + ẽm =) jẽm [jɛ̃m]

Etymology 1

Demonstrative pronoun Proto-Albanian *is + (unstressed) 1st sg. pronoun Proto-Albanian *me, from Proto-Indo-European *is and Proto-Indo-European *me.

Pronoun

im m (accusative/dative/ablative tim, genitive (i) tim, nominative, accusative plural e mi, genitive plural (i) të mi, dative/ablative plural të mi)

1. my, of mine (possessive pronoun in nominative form, adjectival aspect)

   1.1. possessive pronoun placed → after noun, gender of the pronoun agrees with the gender of possessum/noun:

   (Gheg) syn i ẽm (jẽm) ― (one/an) eye of mine (one of my eye)

   1.1.b. definite/singular noun + im m (Gheg: with jẽm m; a compound of prepositive article i + pronoun ẽm m):

   libri im ― the book of mine (my book)

   syri im ― my eye

   (Gheg) syni i ẽm (syni jẽm) ― my eye

   ati im, vëllai im, biri im ― my father, my brother, my son

   1.2.a. indefinite/plural noun + (linking morpheme) të + (pronoun) mi m:

   dy sy të mi ― (two) both of my eyes

   1.2.b. definite/plural noun + (link. morph.) e + mi m:

   librat e mi ― my books (the books of mine)

   sytë e mi ― my (the eyes of mine)

2. my (possessive pronoun, adjectival aspect)

   2.1. pronoun placed → before noun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender, → restricted to kinship terms, family members:

   2.1.a. indefinite/singular noun + im m:

   im gjysh, im atë, im bir ― my grandfather, my father, my son

   Im atë, i dashuri ati im. ― My father, my beloved father.

3. mine (possessive pronoun, nominal aspect)

   3.1. pronoun stands alone, nominal declension of pronoun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender (fem. possessor → masc. possessum → masc. pronoun), im m (my) → imi m (mine):

   Singular: imi ― mine

   (Gheg) i ẽmi (jẽmi) ― (of/the) mine

   Plural: të mitë ― mine

   Ti je imi m. ― You are mine.

   (Gheg) Ti je i m ẽmi m (jẽmi). ― You are (of/the) mine.

   Është imi. ― It is mine.

   (Gheg) Õsht i ẽmi (jẽmi). ― It is (of/the) mine.

Declension

• 1. Possessive pronouns (adjectival)

declension of im

	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
nominative	im	ime	e mi	e mia
accusative	tim	time	e mi	e mia
genitive/dative/ablative	tim	sime	të mi	të mia

• 2. Possessive pronouns (adjectival)

There are also alternative forms which can be used before the noun (which will be in the indefinite state). These forms are restricted to personal relationships like family members, for example:

• im vëlla (“my brother”), ime motër (“my sister”)

These forms are limited to singulars.

pre-noun forms of im

		masculine	feminine
nominative		im	ime
accusative		tim	time
dative		tim	sime

• 3. Possessive pronouns (nominal)

declension of imi

	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
nominative	imi	imja	të mitë	të miat
accusative	timin	timen	të mitë	të miat
genitive/dative/ablative	timit	simes	të mive	të miave

Noun

im m (definite imi, definite plural të mitë)

1. a kinsman; a member of the same clan, tribe or family (kinship, singular)

   Synonyms: afërm, fis, fisnik, kushëri

   Një imi. ― A kinsman (One of mine).

2. one's (own); kinsfolk; family members (kinship, plural)

   Synonyms: familje, familjarët, farefis, gjini

   A: Kush erdhi? - B: Erdhën të mitë. ― A: Who came? - B: My family came.

3. a close friend or partner; a beloved and trusted person (sg.+pl., person (or people) connected through relationship (or friendship))

   Synonyms: besnik, dashur, mik, shok

Related terms

• ime f (“my, of mine”)
• ma (“me”), më (“id”)
• mu (“to me”), mua (“id”)

See also

Albanian possessive adjectives and pronouns

		adjectives			pronouns
		singular	plural		singular	plural
1st person		im	ynë		imi	yni
2nd person		yt	juaj		yti	juaji
3rd person	m	i tij	i tyre		i tiji	i tyri
	f	i saj			i saji
3rd person reflexive		i vet			i veti

Etymology 2

From imë, a variant of imtë (“tiny, small”).

Verb

im (aorist ima, participle imur)

1. (active voice, transitive) to crumble, grind, shred, refine

   Synonyms: imtoj, imtësoj, bluaj, thërrmoj, zbërthej

Declension

Standard Albanian conjugation of im (active voice)

• Show compound tenses:  

		participle		imur
		gerund		duke imur
		infinitive		për të imur
singular			plural
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	im	im	im	imim	imni	imin
	imperfect	imja	imje	imte	imnim	imnit	imnin
	aorist	ima	ime	imi	imëm	imët	imën
perfect	kam imur	ke imur	ka imur	kemi imur	keni imur	kanë imur
past perfect	kisha imur	kishe imur	kishte imur	kishim imur	kishit imur	kishin imur
aorist II	pata imur	pate imur	pati imur	patëm imur	patët imur	patën imur
future1	do të im	do të imësh	do të imë	do të imim	do të imni	do të imin
future perfect2	do të kem imur	do të kesh imur	do të ketë imur	do të kemi imur	do të keni imur	do të kenë imur
subjunctive	present	të im	të imësh	të imë	të imim	të imni	të imin
imperfect	të imja	të imje	të imte	të imnim	të imnit	të imnin
perfect	të kem imur	të kesh imur	të ketë imur	të kemi imur	të keni imur	të kenë imur
past perfect	të kisha imur	të kishe imur	të kishte imur	të kishim imur	të kishit imur	të kishin imur
conditional1, 2	imperfect	do të imja	do të imje	do të imte	do të imnim	do të imnit	do të imnin
	past perfect	do të kisha imur	do të kishe imur	do të kishte imur	do të kishim imur	do të kishit imur	do të kishin imur
optative	present	imsha	imsh	imtë	imshim	imshit	imshin
perfect	paça imur	paç imur	pastë imur	paçim imur	paçit imur	paçin imur
admirative	present	imkam	imke	imka	imkemi	imkeni	imkan
	imperfect	imkësha	imkëshe	imkësh	imkëshim	imkëshit	imkëshin
perfect	paskam imur	paske imur	paska imur	paskemi imur	paskeni imur	paskan imur
past perfect	paskësha imur	paskëshe imur	paskësh imur	paskëshim imur	paskëshit imur	paskëshin imur
imperative	present	—	im	—	—	imni	—
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

• (note: only 3rd person sg/pl passive forms; passive imet (“it is grinding”))

Related terms

• imur (participle), imet (passive)
• imtësoj (active), imtësohet (passive), imtësuar (participle)
• imti f
• imtë f
• (i) imët m, (e) imët f
• imtësim m
• imtësi f
• imtas
• imtësisht
• imtoj (active), imtohet (passive), imtuar (participle)
• imtim m

 

Further reading

• [6] (m.sg.) poss. pronoun im (my) • Fjalori Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
• [7] (m.pl.) poss. pronoun (e) mi (my) • Fjalori Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
• [8] (f.sg.) poss. pronoun ime (my) • Fjalori Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
• [9] (f.pl.) poss. pronoun (e) mia (my) • Fjalori Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

Degenan

Noun

im

1. water

Further reading

• John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012)

Dupaningan Agta

Conjunction

im

1. but
2. than (comparative marker)

German

Etymology

Contraction.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Contraction

im

1. Contraction of in dem; in the

Usage notes

• The contraction im is obligatory when the definite article has no deixis whatsoever. In this case it is ungrammatical to use in dem as separate words:

Wir sitzen im Garten. ― We're sitting in the garden.

Er arbeitet im technischen Bereich. ― He works in the technical field.

• On the other hand, im is usually not applicable when the definite article has an indicative function. This includes contexts in which English would use a demonstrative pronoun (“this” or “that”) but also some others. Particularly, in dem is used before a defining relative clause.

In dem Haus haben wir mal gewohnt. ― We used to live in that house [over there].

Mein Großvater starb in dem Haus, wo ich geboren wurde. ― My grandfather died in the house where I was born.

Declension

The preposition in can be used with both accusative and dative objects, but it only contracts with dem as im and with das as ins. Thus, the combination of in with the definite article has the following forms:

	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
accusative	in den	ins	in die	in die
dative	im	im	in der	in den

Gothic

Romanization

im

1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌼

Irish

FWOTD – 27 January 2013

Etymology 1

im

From Old Irish imb, from Proto-Celtic *amben (compare Welsh ymenyn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷen- (compare Latin unguen (“grease”), Old High German ancho (“butter”)).

Pronunciation

• (Waterford) IPA^(key): /aimʲ/
• (Cork, Kerry, Galway) IPA^(key): /iːmʲ/
• (Mayo) IPA^(key): /ɪmʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɨ̞mʲ/

Noun

im m (genitive singular ime, nominative plural imeanna)

1. butter
   • 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 197:

     Seachtmhain roimhe Shamhain chuaidh an Seónstanach siar ⁊ seacht ngearráin ⁊ péire cliabh air ghach gearrán fá choinne a chuid ime.

     A week before Samhain, Johnstone went back with seven geldings and a pair of panniers on each gelding for his butter.

Declension

Declension of im

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative im imeanna Vocative a im a imeanna Genitive ime imeanna Dative im imeanna

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-im na himeanna Genitive an ime na n-imeanna Dative leis an im don im leis na himeanna

Derived terms

• saill ime (“butterfat”)
• uachtar ime (“buttercream”)

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “im”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “im”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 394
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “im”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “im”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• im’

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪmˠ/

Contraction

im (triggers lenition)

1. (Munster) Contraction of i mo (“in my”).

   Chuireas an peann im phóca.

   I put the pen in my pocket.

Related terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded*, det*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod*, dot*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id*, it*	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led*, let*	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód*, ót*	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Etymology 3

Preposition

im (plus dative, triggers lenition, does not mutate b, m, or p)

1. Alternative form of um

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
im	n-im	him	t-im
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔim (“bitter”). Cognate with White Hmong iab and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] anb.

Adjective

im 

1. bitter

Jamaican Creole

Alternative forms

• 'im

Etymology

Derived from English him.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈim/
• Hyphenation: im

Pronoun

im

1. he

   Mek im tek weh himself. ― He needs to go away.

   • 2005, Kamau Brathwaite, The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770-1820 (in English), →ISBN, page 239:

     “An im seh, Yu nyaam me peas today? Him seh, nuo ma, me no eat non. […] ”

     And he said, did you eat my peas today? He said, no ma, I didn't eat them. […]

2. him

   Shi sen' im a letter wah day. ― She sent him a letter recently.

   • 1984, Laura Tanna, Jamaican Folk Tales and Oral Histories, →ISBN, page 11:

     “What de poor Bug do? Tek im pon im back an him travel, an him travel, an im travel. […] ”

     What did poor Bug do? He let him go on his back and he travelled on and on. […]

3. his

   Den im res' im han' pan di bench. ― Then he rested his hand on the bench.

   • 1984, Laura Tanna, Jamaican Folk Tales and Oral Histories, →ISBN, page 11:

     “What de poor Bug do? Tek im pon im back an him travel, an him travel, an im travel. […] ”

     What did poor Bug do? He let him go on his back and he travelled on and on. […]

4. her

   'Im frack look good. ― Her dress looks good.

5. she

   Tanya deh yah? — Yeah, man. Im deh yah. ― Is Tanya here? — Yes, she's here.

Related terms

• mi
• yuh
• har
• shi
• wi
• unnu
• dem

Further reading

• im at JamaicanPatwah.com
• im at majstro.com

Livonian

Alternative forms

• i'm

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *imeh.

Noun

im

1. miracle

Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [imʲ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jimʲ/
• Bender phonemes: {yim}

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• em
• -m

Conjunction

im

1. and

Etymology 2

Noun

im

1. a skirmish
2. a bout
3. a brawl
4. a duel
5. a riot
6. a hassle

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Middle English

Pronoun

im

1. Alternative form of him (“him”)

Nalca

Noun

im

1. sky
2. heaven

Derived terms

• Imik Neyung

Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology

From English him.

Pronoun

im

1. he
2. his
3. she
4. it

Northern Kurdish

Verb

im

1. first-person singular present indicative of bûn.

   Synonym: me

Old Irish

Etymology

Univerbation of hi (“in”) +‎ mo (“my”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im(ʲ)/

Determiner

im

1. in my
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^c23

     co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

     so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] mouth and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• imo

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

Pronoun

im

1. dative of sia: them

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

Personal pronouns
Singular	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	ik	thū	hē	siu	it
Accusative	mī, me, mik	thī, thik	ina	sia
Dative	mī	thī	imu	iru	it
Genitive	mīn	thīn	is	ira	is
Dual	1.	2.	-	-	-
Nominative	wit	git	-	-	-
Accusative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Dative
Genitive	unkero, unka	inker, inka	-	-	-
Plural	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	wī, we	gī, ge	sia	sia	siu
Accusative	ūs, unsik	eu, iu, iuu
Dative	ūs		im
Genitive	ūser	euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera	iro

Descendants

• Middle Low German: one, gim, jum
  • German Low German: jüm, jem

Pnar

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *ʔim. Cognate with Khasi im and Proto-Palaungic *ʔiːm (“alive, raw”) (whence Riang [Sak] ʔiːm¹ and Blang [La Gang] ʔɪ́m).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔim/

Verb

im

1. to live

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈim/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -im
• Syllabification: im
• Homophone: im-

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

im

1. introduces a parallel, conditional, or comparative statement, placed before the thing being compared to

   im więcej..., tym mniej... ― the more..., the less...

   Im większy głód, tym lepiej smakuje. ― The greater the hunger, the better [the food] tastes.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

im

1. dative of oni
2. dative of one

   Ktoś musiał im powiedzieć. ― Someone must have told them.

Further reading

• im in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin līmus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“to smear”).

Noun

im n (plural imuri)

1. (uncommon, regional) mud, dirt, filth

   Synonyms: noroi, murdărie, nămol

Declension

Declension of im

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) im	imul	(niște) imuri	imurile
genitive/dative	(unui) im	imului	(unor) imuri	imurilor
vocative	imule		imurilor

Related terms

• imos
• ima

Scots

Pronoun

im

1. (Southern Scots, personal) him

Verb

im

1. (Southern Scots) First person singular simple present form of ti be

See also

• ir
• um
• is

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im/

Pronoun

im (Cyrillic spelling им)

1. to them (clitic dative plural of ȏn (“he”))
2. to them (clitic dative plural of òno (“it”))
3. to them (clitic dative plural of òna (“she”))
4. (clitic, emphatic, possessive, dative) their, of theirs

   Gdje im je auto?

   Where is their car?

Declension

    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	ȏn	òna	òno	òni	òne	òna
genitive	njȅga, ga	njȇ, je	njȅga, ga	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
dative	njȅmu, mu	njȏj, joj	njȅmu, mu	njȉma, im	njȉma, im	njȉma, im
accusative	njȅga, ga, nj	njȗ, ju, je	njȅga, ga, nj	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
vocative	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	njȅm, njȅmu	njȏj	njȅm, njȅmu	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma
instrumental	njȋm, njíme	njȏm, njóme	njȋm, njíme	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma

Slovak

Alternative forms

• nim (after prepositions)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [im]

Pronoun

im

1. dative of oni and ony

Somali

Etymology

This verb has been postulated to have a Semitic origin due to its frequent usage with verbal prefixes common in Semitic languages such as timid (“you came”), yimid (“he came”), timid (“she came”), in which case Ge'ez እም (əm, “from”) is the likeliest source. Others posit these linguistic features to be remnants of Proto-Cushitic.

Verb

im/imaad

1. to come from; to arrive from somewhere

Sumerian

Romanization

im

1. Romanization of 𒅎 (im)
2. Romanization of 𒉎 (im)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔim˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔim˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔim˧˧]

Adjective

im • (㛪, 厭, 奄, 庵, 淹)

1. calm; silent; quiet; not talking anymore

Derived terms

Derived terms

• im ắng (từ láy)
• im lặng

 

Anagrams

• mi

Welsh

Alternative forms

• imi, i mi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪm/

Pronoun

im

1. (literary) first-person singular of i