般

See also: 船

般 U+822C, 般 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-822C ← 舫 [U+822B] CJK Unified Ideographs 舭 → [U+822D]

Translingual

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

般 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜竹弓水 (HYHNE), four-corner 2744₇, composition ⿰舟殳)

1. sort, manner, kind, category

Derived characters

• 槃, 盤, 磐, 螌, 媻, 𪒀, 搬, 瘢, 𥈼, 鞶, 幋, 䰉, 搫

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1009, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30388
• Dae Jaweon: page 1467, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3057, character 8
• Unihan data for U+822C

Chinese

trad.		般
simp. #		般
alternative forms		𦨗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 般
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (般) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
螌	*praːn
般	*praːn, *paːn, *baːn
媻	*baːl, *baːn
搫	*baːl, *baːn
搬	*paːn
盤	*baːn
磐	*baːn
瘢	*baːn
幋	*baːn
槃	*baːn
縏	*baːn
鎜	*baːn
鞶	*baːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舟 (“boat”) + 殳 (“rotate”).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bān (ban¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bun¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): băng / buăng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): poaⁿ / pan / poan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): buan¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bān
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ban
    • Wade–Giles: pan¹
    • Yale: bān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ban
    • Palladius: бань (banʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bun¹
    • Yale: būn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bun¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /puːn⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: băng / buăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ⁵⁵/, /puaŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poaⁿ / pan / poan
    • Tâi-lô: puann / pan / puan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvoaf, pafn, poafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /puã⁴⁴/, /pan⁴⁴/, /puan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /puã³³/, /pan³³/, /puan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /puã⁴⁴/, /pan⁴⁴/, /puan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /puã⁴⁴/, /pan⁴⁴/, /puan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /puã⁴⁴/, /pan⁴⁴/, /puan⁴⁴/

Note:

• poaⁿ - vernacular;
• pan, poan - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: buan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: puaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pũã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹pe
    • MiniDict: pe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pe⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: pan, paen

Rime
Character	般	般
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	北潘切	布還切
Baxter	pan	paen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/puɑn/	/pˠan/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷɑn/	/pᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/puɑn/	/pɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwan/	/paɨn/
Li Rong	/puɑn/	/pan/
Wang Li	/puɑn/	/pan/
Bernard Karlgren	/puɑn/	/pan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bān	bān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bun1	baan1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*praːn/, /*paːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	般	般
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	227	231
Phonetic component	般	般
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	班	𤳖
Old Chinese	/*praːn/	/*paːn/

Definitions

般

1. sort; kind; class
2. like; similar to

   兄弟般的感情  ―  xiōngdì bān de gǎnqíng  ―  brotherly affection

3. Alternative form of 搬 (bān, “to move”)
4. a surname

Compounds

• 一般 (yībān)
• 一般性 (yībānxìng)
• 一般法
• 一般無二／一般无二
• 一般而言 (yībān'éryán)
• 一般見識／一般见识 (yībānjiànshí)
• 三般兩樣／三般两样
• 依般
• 全般 (quánbān)
• 兩樣三般／两样三般
• 八般大禮／八般大礼
• 千般
• 千般萬樣／千般万样
• 另般
• 多般
• 如此這般／如此这般
• 幾般／几般
• 恁般
• 百般 (bǎibān)
• 百般刁難／百般刁难 (bǎibān diāonàn)
• 百般忙亂／百般忙乱
• 百般恩愛／百般恩爱
• 百般解說／百般解说
• 萬般／万般 (wànbān)
• 般倕
• 般師／般师
• 般弄
• 般般
• 般調／般调
• 般配 (bānpèi)
• 諸般／诸般 (zhūbān)
• 這般／这般 (zhèbān)
• 這般如此／这般如此
• 這般說來／这般说来
• 這般這般／这般这般
• 那般
• 銀鈴般／银铃般
• 魯般／鲁般 (Lǔbān)
• 魯般尺／鲁般尺 (lǔbānchǐ)

 

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bran (“to convalesce, recover, return”). Cognate with Burmese ပြန် (pran, “to go back, return; to translate”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pán (pan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pun⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pán
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pán
    • Wade–Giles: pʻan²
    • Yale: pán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parn
    • Palladius: пань (panʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pun⁴
    • Yale: pùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ban

Rime
Character	般
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄官切
Baxter	ban
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/buɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwan/
Li Rong	/buɑn/
Wang Li	/buɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pun4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*baːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	般
Reading #	3/3
No.	241
Phonetic component	般
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	槃
Old Chinese	/*baːn/

Definitions

般

1. ^† to rotate
2. ^† to go back and forth; to linger
3. ^† joyful; amused
4. ^† large

Compounds

• 般桓
• 般樂／般乐
• 般涉調／般涉调
• 般礴
• 般舟三昧 (bōzhōu sānmèi)
• 面般

 

Etymology 3

Transliteration of Indic loanwords; see their respective entries for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bō (bo¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ / but³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pat
• Eastern Min (BUC): pŏ̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): poa̍t / pat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): puag⁴ / bo¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷peq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bō
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bo
    • Wade–Giles: po¹
    • Yale: bwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bo¹ / but³
    • Yale: bō / but
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ / but⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ / bud³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵/, /puːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pat
    • Hakka Romanization System: bad^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pat̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰo⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: pua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poat
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /puat̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pat
    • Tâi-lô: pat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pad
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pat̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: puag⁴ / bo¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phuak / po
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuak̚²/, /po³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷peq
    • MiniDict: peh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴peq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pəʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

般

1. Only used in 般若 (bōrě).
2. Only used in 般涅槃 (bōnièpán).

References

• “般”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

般

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC pan) and 般 (MC paen, “sort, kind, class”):

• Go-on: へん (hen)
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC ban, “rotate, go back and forth”):

• Go-on: ばん (ban)
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)

Other readings:

• Kan’yō-on: はつ (hatsu)
• Nanori: かず (kazu)、つら (tsura)

Compounds

Compounds

• 般(はん)舟(じゅ)三(ざん)昧(まい) (hanju-zanmai)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ) (hannya)
• 般(はつ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (hatsunehan)
• 般(ばん)礴(はく) (banhaku)
• 悦(えっ)般(ぱん) (Eppan)
• 魯(ろ)般(はん) (Rohan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
般
はん Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC ban|pan|paen).

Affix

般(はん) • (han) 

1. sort, kind, class
2. instance, time
3. Used in transliterations

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 般(はん)化(か) (hanka)
• 般(はん)楽(らく) (hanraku)
• 一(いっ)般(ぱん) (ippan)
• 過(か)般(はん) (kahan)
• 概(がい)般(はん) (gaihan)
• 各(かく)般(はん) (kakuhan)
• 広(こう)般(はん) (kōhan)
• 此(この)般(はん), 這(この)般(はん) (konohan)
• 今(こん)般(ぱん) (konpan)
• 這(しゃ)般(はん) (shahan)
• 十(じゅう)八(はっ)般(ぱん) (jūhappan)
• 諸(しょ)般(はん) (shohan)
• 千(せん)般(ぱん) (senpan)
• 先(せん)般(ぱん) (senpan)
• 全(ぜん)般(ぱん) (zenpan)
• 多(た)般(はん) (tahan)
• 万(ばん)般(ぱん) (banpan)
• 百(ひゃっ)般(ぱん) (hyappan)
• 普(ふ)般(はん)的(てき) (fuhanteki)
• 両(りょう)般(はん) (ryōhan)

Korean

Hanja

般 (eumhun 가지 반 (gaji ban))

1. hanja form^? of 반 (“sort, manner, kind, category”)

般 (eumhun 일반 반 (ilban ban))

1. hanja form^? of 반 (“similar, general”)

Vietnamese

Han character

般: Hán Nôm readings: ban, bàn, bơn, bát

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.