punir

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan punir, from Latin pūnīre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [puˈni]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [puˈniɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

punir (first-person singular present puneixo, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punit)

1. (transitive) to punish

   Synonym: castigar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of punir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			punir
gerund			punint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		punit		punida
		plural		punits		punides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	puneixo	puneixes	puneix	punim	puniu	puneixen
	imperfect	punia	punies	punia	puníem	puníeu	punien
	future	puniré	puniràs	punirà	punirem	punireu	puniran
	preterite	puní	punires	puní	punírem	puníreu	puniren
	conditional	puniria	puniries	puniria	puniríem	puniríeu	punirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	puneixi	puneixis	puneixi	punim	puniu	puneixin
	imperfect	punís	punissis	punís	puníssim	puníssiu	punissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	puneix	puneixi	punim	puniu	puneixin
	negative (no)	—	no puneixis	no puneixi	no punim	no puniu	no puneixin

Related terms

• impune
• punible
• punició
• punitiu

 

References

• “punir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “punir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French punir, from Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre. May have been borrowed due to its late appearance.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /py.niʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

punir

1. to punish

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of punir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	punir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	punissant /py.ni.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		puni /py.ni/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	punis /py.ni/	punis /py.ni/	punit /py.ni/	punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/	punissez /py.ni.se/	punissent /py.nis/
	imperfect	punissais /py.ni.sɛ/	punissais /py.ni.sɛ/	punissait /py.ni.sɛ/	punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/	punissiez /py.ni.sje/	punissaient /py.ni.sɛ/
	past historic2	punis /py.ni/	punis /py.ni/	punit /py.ni/	punîmes /py.nim/	punîtes /py.nit/	punirent /py.niʁ/
	future	punirai /py.ni.ʁe/	puniras /py.ni.ʁa/	punira /py.ni.ʁa/	punirons /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/	punirez /py.ni.ʁe/	puniront /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/	punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/	punirait /py.ni.ʁɛ/	punirions /py.ni.ʁjɔ̃/	puniriez /py.ni.ʁje/	puniraient /py.ni.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	punisse /py.nis/	punisses /py.nis/	punisse /py.nis/	punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/	punissiez /py.ni.sje/	punissent /py.nis/
	imperfect2	punisse /py.nis/	punisses /py.nis/	punît /py.ni/	punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/	punissiez /py.ni.sje/	punissent /py.nis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	punis /py.ni/	—	punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/	punissez /py.ni.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• punition

Further reading

• “punir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin pūnīre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /puˈniɾ/ [puˈniɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Hyphenation: pu‧nir

Verb

punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punín, past participle punido)
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punim or puni, past participle punido, reintegrationist norm)

1. (transitive) to punish

   Synonym: castigar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of punir

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	punir
Personal	punir	punires	punir	punirmos	punirdes	puniren
Gerund
	punindo
Past participle
Masculine	punido			punidos
Feminine	punida			punidas
Indicative
Present	puno	punes	pune	punimos	punides	punen
Imperfect	punía	punías	punía	puniamos	puniades	punían
Preterite	punín	puniches	puniu	punimos	punistes	puniron
Pluperfect	punira	puniras	punira	puniramos	punirades	puniran
Future	punirei	punirás	punirá	puniremos	puniredes	punirán
Conditional	puniría	punirías	puniría	puniriamos	puniriades	punirían
Subjunctive
Present	puna	punas	puna	punamos	punades	punan
Imperfect	punise	punises	punise	punísemos	punísedes	punisen
Future	punir	punires	punir	punirmos	punirdes	puniren
Imperative
Affirmative		pune	puna	punamos	punide	punan
Negative (non)		non punas	non puna	non punamos	non punades	non punan

    Reintegrated conjugation of punir (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	punir
Personal	punir	punires	punir	punirmos	punirdes	punirem
Gerund
	punindo
Past participle
Masculine	punido			punidos
Feminine	punida			punidas
Indicative
Present	puno	punes	pune	punimos	punides, punis	punem
Imperfect	punia	punias	punia	puníamos	puníades, puníeis, puníais1	puniam
Preterite	punim, puni	puniste, puniche1	puniu	punimos	punistes	punírom, puniram
Pluperfect	punira	puniras	punira	puníramos	punírades, puníreis, punírais1	puniram
Future	punirei	punirás	punirá	puniremos	puniredes, punireis	punirám, punirão
Conditional	puniria	punirias	puniria	puniríamos	puniríades, puniríeis, puniríais1	puniriam
Subjunctive
Present	puna	punas	puna	punamos	punades, punais	punam
Imperfect	punisse	punisses	punisse	puníssemos	puníssedes, punísseis	punissem
Future	punir	punires	punir	punirmos	punirdes	punirem
Imperative
Affirmative		pune	puna	punamos	punide, puni	punam
Negative (nom)		nom punas	nom puna	nom punamos	nom punades, nom punais	nom punam

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• punición

 

Further reading

• “punir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• “punir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.

Verb

punir

1. to punish

Descendants

• French: punir

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

punir

1. to punish

   Synonym: castigar

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms

• punicion

Old French

Etymology

From Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.

Verb

punir

1. to punish

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of punir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		punir			avoir puni
gerund		en punissant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		punissant
past participle		puni
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	punis	punis	punist	punissons	punissez	punissent
	imperfect	punissoie, punisseie	punissoies, punisseies	punissoit, punisseit	punissiiens, punissiens	punissiiez, punissiez	punissoient, punisseient
	preterite	puni	punis	puni	punimes	punistes	punirent
	future	punirai	puniras	punira	punirons	puniroiz, punireiz, punirez	puniront
	conditional	puniroie, punireie	puniroies, punireies	puniroit, punireit	puniriiens, puniriens	puniriiez, puniriez	puniroient, punireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	punisse	punisses	punisse	punissons	punissez	punissent
	imperfect	punisse	punisses	punist	punissons, punissiens	punissoiz, punissez, punissiez	punissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	punis	—	punissons	punissez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: punir
  • French: punir
• → English: punish

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.

Verb

punir

1. to punish

Descendants

• Occitan: punir

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin pūnīre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /puˈni(ʁ)/ [puˈni(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /puˈni(ʁ)/ [puˈni(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /puˈni(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /puˈni(ʁ)/ [puˈni(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /puˈni(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /puˈniɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /puˈniɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /puˈni.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: pu‧nir

Verb

punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puni, past participle punido)

1. (transitive) to punish

Conjugation

    Conjugation of punir (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	punir
Personal	punir	punires	punir	punirmos	punirdes	punirem
Gerund
	punindo
Past participle
Masculine	punido			punidos
Feminine	punida			punidas
Indicative
Present	puno	punes	pune	punimos	punis	punem
Imperfect	punia	punias	punia	puníamos	puníeis	puniam
Preterite	puni	puniste	puniu	punimos	punistes	puniram
Pluperfect	punira	puniras	punira	puníramos	puníreis	puniram
Future	punirei	punirás	punirá	puniremos	punireis	punirão
Conditional	puniria	punirias	puniria	puniríamos	puniríeis	puniriam
Subjunctive
Present	puna	punas	puna	punamos	punais	punam
Imperfect	punisse	punisses	punisse	puníssemos	punísseis	punissem
Future	punir	punires	punir	punirmos	punirdes	punirem
Imperative
Affirmative		pune	puna	punamos	puni	punam
Negative (não)		não punas	não puna	não punamos	não punais	não punam

Related terms

• punição

 

Further reading

• “punir”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
• “punir”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
• “punir” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “punir”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “punir”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
• “punir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pūnīre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /puˈniɾ/ [puˈniɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: pu‧nir

Verb

punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punido)

1. (transitive) to punish

   Synonym: castigar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of punir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			punir
gerund			puniendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		punido		punida
		plural		punidos		punidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	puno	punestú punísvos	pune	punimos	punís	punen
	imperfect	punía	punías	punía	puníamos	puníais	punían
	preterite	puní	puniste	punió	punimos	punisteis	punieron
	future	puniré	punirás	punirá	puniremos	puniréis	punirán
	conditional	puniría	punirías	puniría	puniríamos	puniríais	punirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	puna	punastú punásvos2	puna	punamos	punáis	punan
	imperfect (ra)	puniera	punieras	puniera	puniéramos	punierais	punieran
	imperfect (se)	puniese	punieses	puniese	puniésemos	punieseis	puniesen
	future1	puniere	punieres	puniere	puniéremos	puniereis	punieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		punetú punívos	puna	punamos	punid	punan
	negative		no punas	no puna	no punamos	no punáis	no punan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of punir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive punir
	dative	punirme	punirte	punirle, punirse	punirnos	puniros	punirles, punirse
	accusative	punirme	punirte	punirlo, punirla, punirse	punirnos	puniros	punirlos, punirlas, punirse
with gerund puniendo
	dative	puniéndome	puniéndote	puniéndole, puniéndose	puniéndonos	puniéndoos	puniéndoles, puniéndose
	accusative	puniéndome	puniéndote	puniéndolo, puniéndola, puniéndose	puniéndonos	puniéndoos	puniéndolos, puniéndolas, puniéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative pune
	dative	púneme	púnete	púnele	púnenos	not used	púneles
	accusative	púneme	púnete	púnelo, púnela	púnenos	not used	púnelos, púnelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative puní
	dative	punime	punite	punile	puninos	not used	puniles
	accusative	punime	punite	punilo, punila	puninos	not used	punilos, punilas
with formal second-person singular imperative puna
	dative	púname	not used	púnale, púnase	púnanos	not used	púnales
	accusative	púname	not used	púnalo, púnala, púnase	púnanos	not used	púnalos, púnalas
with first-person plural imperative punamos
	dative	not used	punámoste	punámosle	punámonos	punámoos	punámosles
	accusative	not used	punámoste	punámoslo, punámosla	punámonos	punámoos	punámoslos, punámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative punid
	dative	punidme	not used	punidle	punidnos	puníos	punidles
	accusative	punidme	not used	punidlo, punidla	punidnos	puníos	punidlos, punidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative punan
	dative	púnanme	not used	púnanle	púnannos	not used	púnanles, púnanse
	accusative	púnanme	not used	púnanlo, púnanla	púnannos	not used	púnanlos, púnanlas, púnanse

Derived terms

• punible

 

Related terms

• punición

 

Further reading

• “punir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28