Wiktionary

pena

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pena"
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

English

edit
 
Meitei classical musicians playing pena

Etymology

edit

From Manipuri ꯄꯦꯅꯥ (penaa).

Proper noun

edit

pena

  1. A Meitei classical musical instrument.

Anagrams

edit

Asturian

edit

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penes)

  1. grief; sorrow
  2. punishment
  3. sentence (for a crime)

Derived terms

edit

Bikol Central

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Spanish pena.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.n̪a]
  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun

edit

péna (Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

  1. penalty
    Synonym: padusa
  2. prohibition; forbiddance
    Synonyms: prohibisiyon, pagbawal, pangalad

Verb

edit

péna (Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

  1. to penalize
    Synonym: padusa
  2. to prohibit, to forbid
    Synonym: prohibir

Derived terms

edit

Catalan

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penes)

  1. punishment
  2. (law) penalty
  3. grief, sorrow, pain
  4. difficulty, trouble
  5. a shame, a pity
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Inherited from Latin pinna (“fin”).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penes)

  1. peen (of a hammer)
  2. (nautical) aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)

Etymology 3

edit

Inherited from Latin pinna (“merlon”).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penes)

  1. Alternative form of penya (“large rock”)

Etymology 4

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

pena

  1. inflection of penar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

References

edit

Galician

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.nɐ]
  • Rhymes: -ena
  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Etymology 1

edit

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment, penalty
    Synonym: castigo
    • 1370, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:
      o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas
      the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement
  2. pain; sadness
    Synonyms: dor, tristura, mágoa
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:
      en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena
      so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penas)

  1. vanes or blades of a water wheel
    Synonym: aspa
  2. (archaic) feather
    Synonym: pluma
    • 1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:
      Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
      Eu veño con asas negras
      Cortando os ventos de longe
      Para chegar à estas festas.
      Oge Apolo me tornou
      En brancas as negras penas,
      Para cantar como o Cisne
      As grandezas de Fonseca.
      The raven speaks, listen everyone:
      "I come with black wings
      Cutting the winds from afar
      To arrive to these feasts.
      Today Apolo turned
      White my black feathers
      For singing, as the Swan,
      The greatness of Fonseca."
  3. (archaic) pelt
    Synonym: pelica
    • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:
      coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina
      all of that boiled together with a hen pelt
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 3

edit
 
Pena do Guerreiro (rock known as "the Warrior"), Carnota, Galicia
 
Pena Surbia (2116 m) and Pena Trevinca (2127 m), highest mountains in Galicia

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna ("feather, wing"; then "merlon, fortress"; then, hypothetically, "rock"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”).[1][2] Compare Portuguese penha.

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penas)

  1. boulder, rock
    Synonym: penedo
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:
      alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo
      there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high
  2. (archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain
    Synonym: cabeza
Derived terms
edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Cf. Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “peña”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
  2. ^ García Trabazo, José Virgilio (2016) “Prelatin Toponymy of Asturies: a critical review in a historical-comparative perspective”, in Lletres Asturianes‎[1], number 115, retrieved 14 June 2018, pages 51-71

Guinea-Bissau Creole

edit

Etymology

edit

From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.

Noun

edit

pena

  1. feather

Indonesian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Malay penna, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Influenced by Dutch pen. Doublet of pen.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛna]
  • Hyphenation: pè‧na

Noun

edit

pèna (first-person possessive penaku, second-person possessive penamu, third-person possessive penanya)

  1. pen (writing utensil)

Alternative forms

edit
  • pen (nonstandard)

Synonyms

edit

Further reading

edit

Italian

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈpe.na/
  • Rhymes: -ena
  • Hyphenation: pé‧na

Etymology 1

edit

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

edit

pena f (plural pene)

  1. sorrow
  2. trouble
  3. worry, anxiety
  4. pity
  5. sentence, penalty, punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, punizione
  6. pain
Derived terms
edit
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Verb

edit

pena

  1. inflection of penare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

edit
  • pena in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

edit

Ladin

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penes)

  1. penalty, punishment

Latin

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension

  1. Alternative form of poena [Mediaeval–early New Latin]

Declension

edit

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative pēna pēnae
Genitive pēnae pēnārum
Dative pēnae pēnīs
Accusative pēnam pēnās
Ablative pēnā pēnīs
Vocative pēna pēnae

References

edit
  • pena in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • pena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • pena in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Old Occitan

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

edit

pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)

  1. pain; suffering

Synonyms

edit

Descendants

edit
  • Occitan: pena

Portuguese

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena,[1] from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Pronunciation

edit
 

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, condenação
  2. pain; sadness
    Synonyms: dor, tristeza
Derived terms
edit

Interjection

edit

pena

  1. pity (what a shame, what a pity)
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna,[1] from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

 
pena

Pronunciation

edit
 

  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penas)

  2. feather
    Synonym: pluma
  4. quill (pen made from a feather)
  5. (dated) Alternative form of penha
Derived terms
edit
edit

Etymology 3

edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

edit
 

Verb

edit

pena

  1. inflection of penar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

References

edit
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “pena”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024

Serbo-Croatian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-.

Noun

edit

pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)

  1. foam

Declension

edit
Declension of pena
singular plural
nominative pȅna pene
genitive pene pȇnā
dative peni penama
accusative penu pene
vocative peno pene
locative peni penama
instrumental penom penama

Slovak

edit
 
Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

pena f

  1. foam

Declension

edit
Declension of pena
singular plural
nominative pena peny
genitive peny pien
dative pene penám
accusative penu peny
locative pene penách
instrumental penou penami

Derived terms

edit

Further reading

edit
  • “pena”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

edit
 
Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

pẹ́na f

  1. foam

Inflection

edit
 
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, a-stem
nominative péna
genitive péne
singular
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		péna
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		péne
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		péni
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		péno
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		péni
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		péno

Further reading

edit
  • “pena”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.na]
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ena
  • Syllabification: pe‧na

Etymology 1

edit

Inherited from Old Spanish pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

Noun

edit

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: castigo, condena
  2. pain, sadness
    Synonyms: dolor, tristeza
  3. trouble
    Synonyms: problema, dificultad
  4. pity
    Synonym: lástima
  5. (Latin America) embarrassment
    Synonyms: vergüenza, palta (Peru)
Derived terms
edit
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Verb

edit

pena

  1. inflection of penar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

edit

Tagalog

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Spanish pena.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

pena (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: kastigo, parusa
  2. penalty; fine
  3. pain; sorrow; grief
edit

References

edit
  • “pena”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

edit

Etymology

edit

From Italian penna.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈpɛnɑ/
  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun

edit

pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)

  1. (music) plectrum

Declension

edit
Inflection
Nominative pena
Definite accusative penayı
Singular Plural
Nominative pena penalar
Definite accusative penayı penaları
Dative penaya penalara
Locative penada penalarda
Ablative penadan penalardan
Genitive penanın penaların

Synonyms

edit

Venetan

edit

Etymology

edit

From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.

Adverb

edit

pena

  1. hardly

Volapük

edit

Noun

edit

pena

  1. genitive singular of pen
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=pena&oldid=82397438"