nitor
Latin
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”). Cognate with nicō, connīveō, nictō, Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈniː.tor/, [ˈniːt̪ɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈni.tor/, [ˈniːt̪or]
Verb
editnītor (present infinitive nītī, perfect active nīsus sum or nīxus sum); third conjugation, deponent
- to bear or rest upon something, lean on; to be supported by; to be based on
- Cicero, De Officiis I, 122:
- Quorum consilio atque auctoritate nitatur
- [so as to] be supported by their advise and their reputation
- Quorum consilio atque auctoritate nitatur
- to press forward, advance
- to mount, climb, ascend; fly
- to strain in giving birth; bring forth
- (figuratively) to strive, struggle, exert oneself, make an effort, labor, endeavor
- Synonyms: lūctor, certō, cōnītor, cōnor, temptō, ēlabōrō, appetō, īnsequor, affectō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, contendō, pugnō, molior, perīclitor, ēnītor, adnītor, labōrō, spectō
- c. 42 BCE, Sallust, Bellum Catilinae :
- Omnīs hominēs quī sēsē student praestāre cēterīs animālibus summā ope nītī decet nē vītam silentiō trānseant veluti pecora
- It is suitable for all who wish to be better than animals to struggle with their best effort in order not to go through life in silence like cattle.
- Omnīs hominēs quī sēsē student praestāre cēterīs animālibus summā ope nītī decet nē vītam silentiō trānseant veluti pecora
- (figuratively) to try to prove, contend in argument, argue
- (figuratively) to rest, rely, depend upon
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.13:
- Se ita a patribus maioribusque suis didicisse, ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent aut insidiis niterentur
- The Helvetii had learned from their fathers and ancestors to fight their battles with great virtue, not deception or by relying on trickery
- Se ita a patribus maioribusque suis didicisse, ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent aut insidiis niterentur
Conjugation
editConjugation of nītor (third conjugation, deponent) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | nītor | nīteris, nītere |
nītitur | nītimur | nītiminī | nītuntur |
imperfect | nītēbar | nītēbāris, nītēbāre |
nītēbātur | nītēbāmur | nītēbāminī | nītēbantur | |
future | nītar | nītēris, nītēre |
nītētur | nītēmur | nītēminī | nītentur | |
perfect | nīsus or nīxus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | nīsus or nīxus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | nīsus or nīxus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | nītar | nītāris, nītāre |
nītātur | nītāmur | nītāminī | nītantur |
imperfect | nīterer | nīterēris, nīterēre |
nīterētur | nīterēmur | nīterēminī | nīterentur | |
perfect | nīsus or nīxus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | nīsus or nīxus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | nītere | — | — | nītiminī | — |
future | — | nītitor | nītitor | — | — | nītuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | nītī | nīsum esse, nīxum esse |
nīsūrum esse, nīxūrum esse |
— | — | — | |
participles | nītēns | nīsus, nīxus |
nīsūrus, nīxūrus |
— | — | nītendus, nītundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
nītendī | nītendō | nītendum | nītendō | nīsum, nīxum |
nīsū, nīxū |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom niteō (“I shine”) + -or.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈni.tor/, [ˈnɪt̪ɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈni.tor/, [ˈniːt̪or]
Noun
editnitor m (genitive nitōris); third declension
- brightness, splendor, lustre, sheen
- sleekness, good looks, beauty, glamour
- neatness, smartness, elegance, brilliancy
- (of speech) splendor, elegance, polish, grace
- (of character) dignity, excellence
Declension
editThird-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | nitor | nitōrēs |
Genitive | nitōris | nitōrum |
Dative | nitōrī | nitōribus |
Accusative | nitōrem | nitōrēs |
Ablative | nitōre | nitōribus |
Vocative | nitor | nitōrēs |
Related terms
editReferences
edit- “nitor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “nitor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- nitor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- it is a matter of conjecture, supposition: aliquid coniectura nititur, continetur (Div. 1. 14. 24)
- to cherish a hope: spe duci, niti, teneri
- it is a matter of conjecture, supposition: aliquid coniectura nititur, continetur (Div. 1. 14. 24)
Categories:
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin verbs
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin third conjugation verbs
- Latin third conjugation deponent verbs
- Latin deponent verbs
- Latin terms suffixed with -or
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook