makan

See also: makán, mákan, and Makan

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Verb

makan

1. to eat (consume)

Central Dusun

Verb

makan

1. to eat

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈma.kan/
• Rhymes: -kan, -an, -n
• Hyphenation: ma‧kan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay makan, from Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Cognates

Cognate with Pattani Malay ماکٍي (makɛ), Minangkabau makan, Banjarese makan, Iban makai, Urak Lawoi' มากัด (makat), Tagalog kain.

Verb

makan (active memakan, passive dimakan, involuntary/perfective passive termakan)

1. to eat
   1. (transitive, intransitive) to consume (something solid or half solid, usually food) by putting it into the mouth and swallowing it

      Tadi pagi aku memakan nasi dan ikan.

      This morning I ate rice and fish.

   3. (intransitive) to consume a meal

      Kita akan makan di rumahnya.

      We will eat at his house.

   4. (copulative, intransitive) to have a particular quality of diet

      Makan yang sehat. ― Eat healthy.

   5. (transitive) to destroy, consume, or use up
2. (transitive) to chew repeatedly

   Synonym: kunyah-kunyah

3. (usually followed by "biaya", transitive) to cost (to incur a charge of; to require payment of a (specified) price)

   Synonym: berbiaya

   Pembangunan rumah sakit ini memakan biaya yang banyak.

   The construction of this hospital cost a lot of money.

4. (transitive) to take (to consume time)

   Pembangunan sekolah ini memakan waktu yang lama.

   The construction of this school took a long time.

5. (of a dangerous chemical, transitive, figuratively, uncommon) to injure (to wound or cause physical harm to a living creature)

   Synonym: lukai

Adjective

makan

1. (figuratively) working (functioning properly)

   Synonym: bekerja

Derived terms

Affixed terms

• dimakan
• ketermakanan
• makan-makan
• makan-makanan
• makanan
• makani
• makankan
• memakan
• pemakan
• permakanan
• sepemakan
• termakan
• termakankan

 

Etymology 2

Clipping of makanan.

Noun

makan

1. (figuratively) livelihood (a means of providing the necessities of life for oneself (for example, a job or income))

   Synonym: penghidupan

Further reading

• “makan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
• “memakan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (mākan) in the form nimākan (current spelling dimakan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /makan/
• Rhymes: -kan, -an

Verb

makan (Jawi spelling ماکن)

1. to eat
2. consume, spend
3. to injure or penetrate
4. (impersonal) to work as expected
5. fit in
6. to follow (an advice)
7. to receive bribes or illegally obtained money

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pemakanan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
• makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
• memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
• dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
• bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• makan malam
• makan siang
• makan angin
• makan angkat
• makan bawang
• makan suap

Descendants

• Indonesian: makan
• ⇒ North Moluccan Malay: makang

Further reading

• “makan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Swedish

Noun

makan

1. definite singular of maka

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• macan — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology

From either Spanish macan (“bruised”), an inflection of macar (“to bruise”), or Spanish Macán, an obsolete form of Macao according to Manuel (1948), it is supposedly from Macao, due to Noceda & Sanlucar (1860) defining it as "Arroz de tubigan, bueno y oloroso, uno es blanco y otro colorado. Vino la semilla de Macan." and an early account of Fr. Domingo de Salazar (1583) saying that they have located it at "la ysla de Macan, donde viven los Portugueses que estan junto a la ciudad de Cantón, en la China,...".

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /maˈkan/ [mɐˈxan̪]
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ma‧kan

Noun

makán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜈ᜔)

1. (botany) a type of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa, sometimes subspecies O. s. indica) grown across the Philippines with a variety of white rice and red rice, often considered as a second-class rice
2. (zoology) a species of pig with a savory meat when cooked

Related terms

• dinorado
• Makaw
• sinandomeng

 

Further reading

• “makan” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎^[1], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
• “makan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 40
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier