circundar

Galician

Etymology

From Latin circumdāre, present active infinitive of circumdō.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /θiɾkunˈdaɾ/ [θiɾ.kun̪ˈd̪aɾ]

• IPA^(key): (standard) /θiɾkunˈdaɾ/ [θiɾ.kun̪ˈd̪aɾ]
• IPA^(key): (seseo) /siɾkunˈdaɾ/ [siɾ.kun̪ˈd̪aɾ]

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: cir‧cun‧dar

Verb

circundar (first-person singular present circundo, first-person singular preterite circundei, past participle circundado)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of circundar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	circundar
Personal	circundar	circundares	circundar	circundarmos	circundardes	circundaren
Gerund
	circundando
Past participle
Masculine	circundado			circundados
Feminine	circundada			circundadas
Indicative
Present	circundo	circundas	circunda	circundamos	circundades	circundan
Imperfect	circundaba	circundabas	circundaba	circundabamos	circundabades	circundaban
Preterite	circundei	circundaches	circundou	circundamos	circundastes	circundaron
Pluperfect	circundara	circundaras	circundara	circundaramos	circundarades	circundaran
Future	circundarei	circundarás	circundará	circundaremos	circundaredes	circundarán
Conditional	circundaría	circundarías	circundaría	circundariamos	circundariades	circundarían
Subjunctive
Present	circunde	circundes	circunde	circundemos	circundedes	circunden
Imperfect	circundase	circundases	circundase	circundásemos	circundásedes	circundasen
Future	circundar	circundares	circundar	circundarmos	circundardes	circundaren
Imperative
Affirmative		circunda	circunde	circundemos	circundade	circunden
Negative (non)		non circundes	non circunde	non circundemos	non circundedes	non circunden

    Reintegrated conjugation of circundar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	circundar
Personal	circundar	circundares	circundar	circundarmos	circundardes	circundarem
Gerund
	circundando
Past participle
Masculine	circundado			circundados
Feminine	circundada			circundadas
Indicative
Present	circundo	circundas	circunda	circundamos	circundades, circundais	circundam
Imperfect	circundava	circundavas	circundava	circundávamos	circundávades, circundáveis, circundávais1	circundavam
Preterite	circundei	circundaste, circundache1	circundou	circundamos	circundastes	circundárom, circundaram
Pluperfect	circundara	circundaras	circundara	circundáramos	circundárades, circundáreis, circundárais1	circundaram
Future	circundarei	circundarás	circundará	circundaremos	circundaredes, circundareis	circundarám, circundarão
Conditional	circundaria	circundarias	circundaria	circundaríamos	circundaríades, circundaríeis, circundaríais1	circundariam
Subjunctive
Present	circunde	circundes	circunde	circundemos	circundedes, circundeis	circundem
Imperfect	circundasse	circundasses	circundasse	circundássemos	circundássedes, circundásseis	circundassem
Future	circundar	circundares	circundar	circundarmos	circundardes	circundarem
Imperative
Affirmative		circunda	circunde	circundemos	circundade, circundai	circundem
Negative (nom)		nom circundes	nom circunde	nom circundemos	nom circundedes, nom circundeis	nom circundem

¹Less recommended.

Further reading

• “circundar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• “circundar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• circumdar

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin circumdāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /siʁ.kũˈda(ʁ)/ [sih.kũˈda(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /siʁ.kũˈda(ʁ)/ [sih.kũˈda(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /siɾ.kũˈda(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /siʁ.kũˈda(ʁ)/ [siχ.kũˈda(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /siɻ.kũˈda(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /siɾ.kũˈdaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /siɾ.kũˈdaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /siɾ.kũˈda.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: cir‧cun‧dar

Verb

circundar (first-person singular present circundo, first-person singular preterite circundei, past participle circundado)

1. (transitive) to circle; to surround

   Synonyms: cercar, cingir, circuitar, envolver, girar, rodear

   Antonyms: descercar, descingir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of circundar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	circundar
Personal	circundar	circundares	circundar	circundarmos	circundardes	circundarem
Gerund
	circundando
Past participle
Masculine	circundado			circundados
Feminine	circundada			circundadas
Indicative
Present	circundo	circundas	circunda	circundamos	circundais	circundam
Imperfect	circundava	circundavas	circundava	circundávamos	circundáveis	circundavam
Preterite	circundei	circundaste	circundou	circundamos1, circundámos2	circundastes	circundaram
Pluperfect	circundara	circundaras	circundara	circundáramos	circundáreis	circundaram
Future	circundarei	circundarás	circundará	circundaremos	circundareis	circundarão
Conditional	circundaria	circundarias	circundaria	circundaríamos	circundaríeis	circundariam
Subjunctive
Present	circunde	circundes	circunde	circundemos	circundeis	circundem
Imperfect	circundasse	circundasses	circundasse	circundássemos	circundásseis	circundassem
Future	circundar	circundares	circundar	circundarmos	circundardes	circundarem
Imperative
Affirmative		circunda	circunde	circundemos	circundai	circundem
Negative (não)		não circundes	não circunde	não circundemos	não circundeis	não circundem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “circundar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
• “circundar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
• “circundar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “circundar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “circundar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
• “circundar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin circumdāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /θiɾkunˈdaɾ/ [θiɾ.kũn̪ˈd̪aɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /siɾkunˈdaɾ/ [siɾ.kũn̪ˈd̪aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: cir‧cun‧dar

Verb

circundar (first-person singular present circundo, first-person singular preterite circundé, past participle circundado)

1. (transitive) to surround
2. (transitive) to ring around

Conjugation

    Conjugation of circundar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			circundar
gerund			circundando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		circundado		circundada
		plural		circundados		circundadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	circundo	circundastú circundásvos	circunda	circundamos	circundáis	circundan
	imperfect	circundaba	circundabas	circundaba	circundábamos	circundabais	circundaban
	preterite	circundé	circundaste	circundó	circundamos	circundasteis	circundaron
	future	circundaré	circundarás	circundará	circundaremos	circundaréis	circundarán
	conditional	circundaría	circundarías	circundaría	circundaríamos	circundaríais	circundarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	circunde	circundestú circundésvos2	circunde	circundemos	circundéis	circunden
	imperfect (ra)	circundara	circundaras	circundara	circundáramos	circundarais	circundaran
	imperfect (se)	circundase	circundases	circundase	circundásemos	circundaseis	circundasen
	future1	circundare	circundares	circundare	circundáremos	circundareis	circundaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		circundatú circundávos	circunde	circundemos	circundad	circunden
	negative		no circundes	no circunde	no circundemos	no circundéis	no circunden

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of circundar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive circundar
	dative	circundarme	circundarte	circundarle, circundarse	circundarnos	circundaros	circundarles, circundarse
	accusative	circundarme	circundarte	circundarlo, circundarla, circundarse	circundarnos	circundaros	circundarlos, circundarlas, circundarse
with gerund circundando
	dative	circundándome	circundándote	circundándole, circundándose	circundándonos	circundándoos	circundándoles, circundándose
	accusative	circundándome	circundándote	circundándolo, circundándola, circundándose	circundándonos	circundándoos	circundándolos, circundándolas, circundándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative circunda
	dative	circúndame	circúndate	circúndale	circúndanos	not used	circúndales
	accusative	circúndame	circúndate	circúndalo, circúndala	circúndanos	not used	circúndalos, circúndalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative circundá
	dative	circundame	circundate	circundale	circundanos	not used	circundales
	accusative	circundame	circundate	circundalo, circundala	circundanos	not used	circundalos, circundalas
with formal second-person singular imperative circunde
	dative	circúndeme	not used	circúndele, circúndese	circúndenos	not used	circúndeles
	accusative	circúndeme	not used	circúndelo, circúndela, circúndese	circúndenos	not used	circúndelos, circúndelas
with first-person plural imperative circundemos
	dative	not used	circundémoste	circundémosle	circundémonos	circundémoos	circundémosles
	accusative	not used	circundémoste	circundémoslo, circundémosla	circundémonos	circundémoos	circundémoslos, circundémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative circundad
	dative	circundadme	not used	circundadle	circundadnos	circundaos	circundadles
	accusative	circundadme	not used	circundadlo, circundadla	circundadnos	circundaos	circundadlos, circundadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative circunden
	dative	circúndenme	not used	circúndenle	circúndennos	not used	circúndenles, circúndense
	accusative	circúndenme	not used	circúndenlo, circúndenla	circúndennos	not used	circúndenlos, circúndenlas, circúndense

Further reading

• “circundar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28