-ett

See also: ett and ETT

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛtː]
• Rhymes: -ɛtː

Etymology 1

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -tt (past-participle and past-tense suffix).

Suffix

-ett

2. past-tense and past-participle suffix (homonymous form in the vast majority of verbs):
   1. (past-tense suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past tense of a verb)

      hegeszt (“to weld”) → Fémcsöveket hegesztett. ― He welded some metal tubing.

   3. (past-participle suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past participle of a verb)

      hegeszt (“to weld”) → a hegesztett fém ― the welded metal

Usage notes

• (past-participle and past-tense suffix) Variants:

  -t is added to monosyllabic verbs ending in j, l, ly, n, ny, r (fáj, szel, fon, huny, sír) and to many bisyllabic verbs ending in -ad/-ed (akad, ered)

  -tt is added to verbs ending in a vowel (sző, nő, fő, lő, ró, rí)

  -ott is added to back-vowel verbs

  -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs

  -ött is added to rounded front-vowel verbs

• (past-participle suffix) This form is the only option attributively. Predicatively, however, a construction of the existential verb van (or its negative form nincs) and the adverbial participle (with -va/-ve) is preferable,^[1] especially when speaking of the result achieved,^[2] although the suffix -t/-ott/-ett/-ött occurs predicatively as well, disputed as it may be.^[3]

Declension

For the past-participle suffix only:

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ett	-ettek
accusative	-ettet	-etteket
dative	-ettnek	-etteknek
instrumental	-ettel	-ettekkel
causal-final	-ettért	-ettekért
translative	-etté	-ettekké
terminative	-ettig	-ettekig
essive-formal	-ettként	-ettekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	-ettben	-ettekben
superessive	-etten	-etteken
adessive	-ettnél	-etteknél
illative	-ettbe	-ettekbe
sublative	-ettre	-ettekre
allative	-etthez	-ettekhez
elative	-ettből	-ettekből
delative	-ettről	-ettekről
ablative	-ettől	-ettektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	-etté	-etteké
non-attributive possessive - plural	-ettéi	-ettekéi

Etymology 2

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -tt (locative suffix).

Suffix

-ett

2. (locative suffix, chiefly archaic) in, at (forms the locative case)

   Pécs (“a Hungarian city”) → Pécsett (“in Pécs”)

Usage notes

• (locative suffix) It is used only in a few city/town names along with the inessive case or superessive case.^[3] It can also be observed in a few local adverbs and postpositions. It is no longer productive. Variants:

  -t

  Kaposvárt, Kolozsvárt (also with -ott), közt, gyanánt, mint, képest

  -tt is added to words ending in a vowel

  itt, ott, hanyatt, alatt, miatt, előtt

  -ott is added to back-vowel words

  Kaposvárott (also with -t), Vácott, Székesfehérvárott, Fehérvárott, Kapuvárott, (outside present-day Hungary)
  Érsekújvárott, Gyulafehérvárott, Kolozsvárott (also with -t), Temesvárott, (in Russia) Szentpétervárott, Pétervárott

  -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel words

  Pécsett, felett, mellett, végett, helyett

  -ött is added to rounded front-vowel words

  Győrött, Diósgyőrött, fölött, mögött, között

  -utt is added to some back-vowel words

  másutt

  -ütt is added to some unrounded front-vowel words

  mindenütt, együtt, egyebütt, helyütt

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Category:Hungarian past participles
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes