See also:
U+81BD, 膽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BD

[U+81BC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+81BE]

Translingual

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Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 130, +13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月弓金口 (BNCR), four-corner 77261, composition )

Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 995, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29933
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2117, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+81BD

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *taːmʔ) : semantic (body part) + phonetic (OC *tjam).

Etymology

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Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • táⁿ - vernacular;
  • tám - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (5)
Final () (143)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tɑmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tɑmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/tɑmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tamX/
Li
Rong
/tɑmX/
Wang
Li
/tɑmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tɑmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
daam2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
dǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ tamX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[t]ˁamʔ/
English gall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16751
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*taːmʔ/

Definitions

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  1. (anatomy) gallbladder
      ―  dǎnnáng  ―  gall bladder
  2. (figurative) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve
      ―  dǎn  ―  bold
    [Cantonese]  ―  mou5 daam2 gwai2 [Jyutping]  ―  coward
  3. inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball)
  4. vacuum tube
  5. (gambling) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    [Cantonese]  ―  daam2 to1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

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  • (guts):

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: たん (tan)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)
  • Kun: きも (kimo, )

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC tamX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 담〯 (Yale: tǎm)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄡᅳᆯ게 (Yale: psùlkèy) (Yale: tàm)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ta̠(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 쓸개 (sseulgae dam))

  1. hanja form? of (gall bladder)
  2. hanja form? of (courage; nerve)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: đảm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.