甾

See also: 畄 and 𤰝

甾	U+753E, 甾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-753E

← 甽
[U+753D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

甿 →
[U+753F]

甾	U+2F936, 甾 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F936

← 𤰶
[U+2F935]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

𤲒 →
[U+2F937]

Translingual

Han character

甾 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女女田 (VVW), four-corner 2260₀, composition ⿱巛田)

Derived characters

崰, 椔, 淄, 㿳, 䅔, 緇(缁), 䎩, 䐉, 輜(辎), 錙(锱), 鯔(鲻), 㓯, 䣎, 鶅(𱊎), 疀, 菑
𤉣, 𪺟, 𥓲, 𥚉, 𧱥, 𩋝, 𩜊, 𩗮, 𨿴, 𪋍, 𤱽, 𤱾, 𤳤, 𤲑, 𤳊, 𤳫, 𤳲, 𤳯, 𤴅, 𧇄, 𡙂, 𡸟, 𣓩, 𤲙, 𧑳
𭘦, 𭸖, 𰏛, 𮖓, 𮪌, 𰏆, 𰃱, 𫳗, 𰣇, 𫻾, 𬌊, 𬯞

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 759, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21742
Dae Jaweon: page 1169, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2531, character 5
Unihan data for U+753E

Unihan data for U+2F936

Chinese

simp. and trad.		甾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
輜	ʔsrɯ, sʰrɯ
淄	*ʔsrɯ
錙	*ʔsrɯ
緇	*ʔsrɯ
甾	*ʔsrɯ
菑	ʔsrɯ, ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː
鶅	ʔsrɯ, ʔsrɯs
椔	ʔsrɯ, ʔsrɯs
鯔	*ʔsrɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯ) : phonetic 𠙹 + semantic 田 (“cropfield”), attested since Qin State of Warring States period. Evolved later into various different shapes – ⿱𠀐田, 𱰭, and 甾 (Chen, 2021).

The "container" sense was of a different character – 𠙹 – attested since oracle bones script. This sense was conflated with 甾 later, as in Middle Chinese rime books (ibid.) See the entry 𠙹 for more.

The basic structure of steroids (甾), featuring the tetracyclic backbone with three side chains.

This character was practically obsolete before it was revived as a modern translation for steroid. It is also a pictogram (象形) in this sense; the upper part represents the three side chains on the ring system, and the 田 component represents the tetracyclic core of steroids. See the image on right.

Smith (2011) interprets the oracle bone glyph as depicting the new moon and proposes that it originally wrote a word *ts[r]əʔ "darkened phase" i.e. "new moon", related to 緇 (OC *tsrə) "blackened", 菑 (OC *tsrə) "field cleared by slash and burn", 淄 (OC *tsrə) "murky (water)". Lunar meaning is also present in 臘／腊 (là) of which this character is the upper-right component.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Who and when repurposed this character as steroid though?”)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zī (zi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zī
  - Zhuyin: ㄗ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zih
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹
  - Yale: dz̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
  - Palladius: цзы (czy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsri

Rime
Character	甾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	側持切
Baxter	tsri
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiə/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsrɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	甾
Reading #	1/1
No.	17824
Phonetic component	甾
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	葘
Old Chinese	/*ʔsrɯ/
Notes	同菑

Definitions

甾

Alternative form of 𠙹 (zī, “a kind of container”)
(～水) Original form of 淄 (zī, “Zi River, a river in Shandong province”).
Alternative form of 𨿴 (zī, “a kind of pheasant”)
Alternative form of 菑 (zī, “one-year-old cropfield”)
(historical) An ancient placename.

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zāi (zai¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄞ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chir / chu / chai

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zai
  - Wade–Giles: tsai¹
  - Yale: dzāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzai
  - Palladius: цзай (czaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zoi¹
  - Yale: jōi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zoi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir
  - Tâi-lô: tsir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
  - Tâi-lô: tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai
  - Tâi-lô: tsai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zay
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³/

Note: chai - colloquial.

Definitions

Wikipedia has an article on:

甾

甾

Alternative form of 災／灾 (zāi, “calamity; disaster”)
(～族, ～體) (biochemistry) steroid

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

甾

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai)、し (shi)
Kan-on: さい (sai)、し (shi)
Kun: かめ (kame, 甾)

Korean

Hanja

甾 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae)

pheasant
an ancient pottery
calamity

Vietnamese

Han character

甾: Hán Nôm readings: tai

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.