渣

渣	U+6E23, 渣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E23

Translingual

Han character

渣 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水木日一 (EDAM), four-corner 3411₆, composition ⿰氵查 or ⿰氵査)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 634, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17767
Dae Jaweon: page 1041, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1670, character 5
Unihan data for U+6E23

Chinese

trad.		渣
simp. ^#		渣
2nd round simp.		泎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
虘	zaːl, zaː
蔖	zlaːl, sʰaːʔ
摣	rnaː, ʔsraː
袓	ʔsjaː, zaʔ
怚	ʔsjaː, ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝	*ʔsjaː
謯	ʔslja, ʔsraːʔ
姐	*ʔsjaːʔ
抯	ʔsljaːʔ, ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷	*ʔsjaːʔ
且	sʰjaːʔ, ʔsa
趄	sʰjaːs, sʰa
笡	*sʰjaːs
查	ʔsraː, zraː, *zraː
柤	*ʔsraː
樝	*ʔsraː
皻	*ʔsraː
渣	*ʔsraː
楂	*zraː
苴	zraː, ʔsa, ʔsaʔ, sʰa
駔	ʔslaːŋʔ, zaːʔ
租	*ʔsaː
蒩	ʔsaː, ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖	*ʔsaːʔ
組	*ʔsaːʔ
珇	*ʔsaːʔ
靻	*ʔsaːʔ
粗	sʰaː, zaːʔ
徂	*zaː
殂	*zaː
麆	zaːʔ, zras
伹	zaːʔ, sʰa
蛆	ʔsa, sʰa
沮	ʔsa, ʔsas, sʰa, zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀	ʔsaʔ, zaʔ
疽	*sʰa
雎	*sʰa
狙	sʰa, sʰas
岨	*sʰa
砠	*sʰa
坥	sʰa, sʰas
刞	*sʰas
覰	*sʰas
覷	*sʰas
跙	*zaʔ
筯	*das
菹	*ʔsra
葅	*ʔsra
阻	ʔsraʔ, ʔsras
俎	*ʔsraʔ
詛	ʔsraʔ, ʔsras
鉏	zra, zraʔ
豠	*zra
鋤	*zra
耡	zra, zras
齟	*zraʔ
助	*zras

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 查 (OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhā (zha¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄚ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): za¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châ
Eastern Min (BUC): că
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): che / chee / cha

(Teochew, Peng'im): za¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhā
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jha
  - Wade–Giles: cha¹
  - Yale: jā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ja
  - Palladius: чжа (čža)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhār
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhar
  - Wade–Giles: cha¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: jār
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jal
  - Palladius: чжар (čžar)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: za¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: za
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaa¹
  - Yale: jā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: za¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châ
  - Hakka Romanization System: za^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: za¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sa²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: că
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che
  - Tâi-lô: tse
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡se³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chee
  - Tâi-lô: tsee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha
  - Tâi-lô: tsa
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sa³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sa⁴⁴/

Note:

che/chee - vernacular;
cha - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: za¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa³³/

Middle Chinese: tsrae

Rime
Character	渣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側加切
Baxter	tsrae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃa/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaa¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渣
Reading #	1/1
No.	10388
Phonetic component	且
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	樝
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraː/
Notes	同溠水名又柤滓今字

Definitions

渣

dregs; lees; sediment
fragment; particle; piece; scrap; crumb
蝕到連渣都冇 [Cantonese, trad.]
蚀到连渣都冇 [Cantonese, simp.]
sik⁶ dou³ lin⁴ zaa¹ dou¹ mou⁵ [Jyutping]
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
Alternative form of 喳
Used in transcription of foreign names in Cantonese.
渣打銀行／渣打银行 [Cantonese] ― zaa¹ daa² ngan⁴ hong⁴ [Jyutping] ― Standard Chartered Bank

渣華道／渣华道 [Cantonese] ― zaa¹ waa⁴ dou⁶ [Jyutping] ― Java Road
a surname: Zha

Synonyms

(dregs): 渣滓 (zhāzǐ)
(fragment): 碎末 (suìmò), 碎屑 (suìxiè)

Compounds

人渣 (rénzhā)
嘎嘎渣渣
嘎渣兒／嘎渣儿
奶渣
學渣／学渣 (xuézhā)
廢渣／废渣 (fèizhā)
掉渣 (diàozhā)
殘渣／残渣 (cánzhā)
殘渣餘孽／残渣余孽 (cánzhāyúniè)
沉渣 (chénzhā)
油渣 (yóuzhā)
油渣子
渣兒／渣儿
渣女 (zhānǚ)
渣子
渣滓 (zhāzǐ)
渣男 (zhānán)
滤渣
火山渣 (huǒshānzhā)
煤渣 (méizhā)
熔渣
爐渣／炉渣 (lúzhā)
疙渣兒／疙渣儿
石渣
礦渣／矿渣 (kuàngzhā)
蔗渣
藥渣／药渣 (yàozhā)
蠟渣／蜡渣
豆渣 (dòuzhā)
豆渣腦筋／豆渣脑筋
豆腐渣工程 (dòufuzhā gōngchéng)
酒渣
酒渣鼻 (jiǔzhābí)
鍋渣／锅渣
麵包渣／面包渣
麻渣

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 渣 – see 鮓 (“of poor quality”). (This character is a variant form of 鮓).

References

“渣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

渣

(Hyōgai kanji)

dregs

Readings

Go-on: しゃ (sha)
Kan-on: さ (sa)
Kun: おり (ori)、かす (kasu)

Korean

Hanja

渣 (eum 사 (sa))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

渣: Hán Nôm readings: tra

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.