比例

Chinese

		side by side; compare; to gesture side by side; compare; to gesture; than; ratio	example; precedent; rule example; precedent; rule; case; instance
trad. (比例)		比	例
simp. #(比例)		比	例

Etymology

Original sense attestable in Classical Chinese. The mathematics sense is believed to have been coined by Matteo Ricci.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǐlì

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bei² lai⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pí-li
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pí-lē / pí-lī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bi² li⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǐlì
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǐlì
    • Wade–Giles: pi³-li⁴
    • Yale: bǐ-lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biilih
    • Palladius: били (bili)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 比例 筆力／笔力

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bei² lai⁶
    • Yale: béi laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bei² lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: béi² lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³⁵ lɐi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pí-li
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi^ˋ li
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi³ li⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pi³¹ li⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-lē
    • Tâi-lô: pí-lē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pyle
    • IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ le⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ le³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-lī
    • Tâi-lô: pí-lī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pyli
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bi² li⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pí lī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵²⁻³⁵ li¹¹/

Noun

比例

1. (mathematics) ratio; proportion

   持股比例  ―  chígǔ bǐlì  ―  equity ratio

   男女比例失衡  ―  nánnǚ bǐlì shīhéng  ―  sex ratio imbalance

2. proportion; percentage; share
3. (cartography) scale

Synonyms

• (ratio): 對比／对比 (duìbǐ)
• (proportion): 比重 (bǐzhòng)

Derived terms

• 不成比例 (bùchéngbǐlì)
• 反比例 (fǎnbǐlì)
• 按分比例
• 正比例 (zhèngbǐlì)
• 比例代表制 (bǐlìdàibiǎozhì)
• 比例尺 (bǐlìchǐ)
• 比例稅／比例税 (bǐlìshuì)
• 配分比例

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
比	例
ひ Grade: 5	れい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Noun

比(ひ)例(れい) • (hirei) 

1. proportion, ratio

Derived terms

• 比例区 (hireiku): proportionally represented constituency
• 比例式 (hireishiki): proportional expression
• 比例税 (hireizei): proportional tax
• 比例中項 (hirei chūkō): mean proportional
• 比例配分 (hirei haibun): proportional distribution
• 比例代表制 (hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation
• 名簿式比例代表制 (meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation system in which votes are cast for a publicly available list of party members
• 拘束名簿式比例代表制 (kōsoku meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation electoral system
• 非拘束名簿式比例代表制 (hi-kōsoku meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation system in which both party and individual votes are cast
• 小選挙区比例代表並立制 (shō-senkyoku hirei daihyō heiritsu sei): electoral system composed of single-seat and multiple-seat constituencies
• 逆比例 (gyakuhirei): inverse proportion to
• 正比例 (seihirei): direct proportion
• 単比例 (tanpirei): simple proportion
• 定比例 (teihirei): fixed proportion
• 反比例 (hanpirei): inverse proportion
• 複比例 (fukuhirei): compound proportion
• 定比例の法則 (teihirei no hōsoku): law of definite proportions
• 倍数比例の法則 (baisū hirei no hōsoku): law of multiple proportions

Verb

比(ひ)例(れい)する • (hirei suru) suru (stem 比(ひ)例(れい)し (hirei shi), past 比(ひ)例(れい)した (hirei shita))

1. be proportional, be in proportion

Usage notes

Often this verb is used in the past tense, 比例した, to mean "commensurate" or "proportionate", or in the -te form 比例して to mean "in proportion." As such it expresses concepts with a verb that are usually expressed with other parts of speech in English.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "比例する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	比例し	ひれいし	hirei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	比例し	ひれいし	hirei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	比例する	ひれいする	hirei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	比例する	ひれいする	hirei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	比例すれ	ひれいすれ	hirei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	比例せよ¹ 比例しろ²	ひれいせよ¹ ひれいしろ²	hirei seyo¹ hirei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	比例される	ひれいされる	hirei sareru
Causative	比例させる 比例さす	ひれいさせる ひれいさす	hirei saseru hirei sasu
Potential	比例できる	ひれいできる	hirei dekiru
Volitional	比例しよう	ひれいしよう	hirei shiyō
Negative	比例しない	ひれいしない	hirei shinai
Negative continuative	比例せず	ひれいせず	hirei sezu
Formal	比例します	ひれいします	hirei shimasu
Perfective	比例した	ひれいした	hirei shita
Conjunctive	比例して	ひれいして	hirei shite
Hypothetical conditional	比例すれば	ひれいすれば	hirei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
比	例

Noun

比例 • (birye) (hangeul 비례)

1. hanja form^? of 비례 (“proportion; proportionality”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
比	例

Noun

比例

1. chữ Hán form of tỉ lệ (“proportion; ratio”).