制約

See also: 制约

Chinese

		system; to make; to manufacture system; to make; to manufacture; to control; to regulate	appointment; agreement; to arrange appointment; agreement; to arrange; to restrict; approximately; weigh
trad. (制約)		制	約
simp. (制约)		制	约
anagram		約制／约制

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhìyuē

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄩㄝ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³ joek³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chè-iok / chè-iak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zi³ iag⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhìyuē
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄩㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhyue
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴-yüeh¹
    • Yale: jr̀-ywē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhiue
    • Palladius: чжиюэ (čžijue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zai³ joek³
    • Yale: jai yeuk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³ joek⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: zei³ yêg³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³ jœːk̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-iok
    • Tâi-lô: tsè-iok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zea'iog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-iak
    • Tâi-lô: tsè-iak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zea'iag
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ iak̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zi³ iag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì iak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iak̚²/

Verb

制約

1. (transitive) to restrict; to limit; to inhibit

Synonyms

edit

• 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
• 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
• 克制 (kèzhì)
• 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
• 制禦／制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
• 君 (jūn) (literary)
• 執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
• 壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
• 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
• 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 局限 (júxiàn)
• 左右 (zuǒyòu)
• 把
• 抑制 (yìzhì)
• 把持 (bǎchí)
• 把控 (bǎkòng)
• 把攬／把揽 (bǎlǎn)
• 抵制 (dǐzhì)
• 拘束 (jūshù)
• 按 (àn)
• 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
• 控 (literary, or in compounds)
• 控制 (kòngzhì)
• 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
• 撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
• 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
• 操控 (cāokòng)
• 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
• 擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
• 擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
• 支配 (zhīpèi)
• 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
• 束 (literary, or in compounds)
• 束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
• 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 框 (kuàng)
• 禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
• 積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
• 節制／节制 (jiézhì)
• 節撙／节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 管制 (guǎnzhì)
• 管束 (guǎnshù)
• 約束／约束 (yuēshù)
• 統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
• 統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
• 羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
• 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
• 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
• 鎮／镇 (zhèn)
• 限 (xiàn)
• 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 限制 (xiànzhì)
• 駕／驾 (jià)
• 駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

 

Derived terms

• 制約刺激／制约刺激
• 制約反射／制约反射 (zhìyuē fǎnshè)
• 制約反應／制约反应
• 古典制約／古典制约 (gǔdiǎn zhìyuē)
• 操作制約／操作制约

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
制	約
せい Grade: 5	やく Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せーやく [sèéyákú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [se̞ːja̠kɯ̟]

Noun

制(せい)約(やく) • (seiyaku) 

1. restriction, limitation

Verb

制(せい)約(やく)する • (seiyaku suru) transitive suru (stem 制(せい)約(やく)し (seiyaku shi), past 制(せい)約(やく)した (seiyaku shita))

1. restrict, limit

   自(じ)由(ゆう)を制(せい)約(やく)する

   jiyū o seiyaku suru

   to restrict freedom

Conjugation

Conjugation of "制約する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	制約し	せいやくし	seiyaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	制約し	せいやくし	seiyaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	制約する	せいやくする	seiyaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	制約する	せいやくする	seiyaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	制約すれ	せいやくすれ	seiyaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	制約せよ¹ 制約しろ²	せいやくせよ¹ せいやくしろ²	seiyaku seyo¹ seiyaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	制約される	せいやくされる	seiyaku sareru
Causative	制約させる 制約さす	せいやくさせる せいやくさす	seiyaku saseru seiyaku sasu
Potential	制約できる	せいやくできる	seiyaku dekiru
Volitional	制約しよう	せいやくしよう	seiyaku shiyō
Negative	制約しない	せいやくしない	seiyaku shinai
Negative continuative	制約せず	せいやくせず	seiyaku sezu
Formal	制約します	せいやくします	seiyaku shimasu
Perfective	制約した	せいやくした	seiyaku shita
Conjunctive	制約して	せいやくして	seiyaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	制約すれば	せいやくすれば	seiyaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative