رمان

See also: زمان

Arabic

Etymology

Uncertain direct and ultimate source, not Semitic. Compare Hebrew רימון / רִמּוֹן (rimmṓn), Punic *𐤓𐤌𐤍 (*rmn /⁠rimmūn⁠/) and Aramaic רִימֹּונָא / רִמֹּונָא (rimmōnā) / רוּמָּנָא / ܪܘܡܢܐ (rummānā), Ge'ez ሮማን (roman), Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/⁠armannu⁠/). Likely borrowed from Semitic is Egyptian

(jnhmn), which developed into Demotic hrnt, and from this ⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ (erman, Bohairic), ⲗⲉϩⲙⲉⲛ (lehmen, Akhmimic), ϩⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ (herman, Sahidic).

Further potential cognates

(With a different order of the consonants, compare also:)

• Sumerian 𒉡𒌫𒈠 (NU-UR₂-MA /⁠nurma⁠/, “pomegranate”)
• Akkadian 𒉡𒌫𒈠 (NU-UR₂-MA /⁠nurmû⁠/), Akkadian 𒇻𒆸𒌅 (/⁠lurmû, lurimtu, lurinnu⁠/, “pomegranate”), Akkadian 𒉡𒊑𒅎𒁺 (nu-ri-im-du /⁠nurimdu, nurimtu⁠/, “pomegranate”)
• Hurrian 𒉡𒊏𒀭𒋾 (nu-ra-an-ti /⁠nuranti⁠/, “pomegranate”), Ugaritic 𐎍𐎗𐎎𐎐 (lrmn, “pomegranate”)
• Hittite 𒉡𒌫𒈬 (/⁠nurmû⁠/, “pomegranate”)
• Persian نار (nâr), انار (anâr, “pomegranate”)
• Chinese 榴 (OC *m·ru, “pomegranate”).

رُمَّان

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rum.maːn/
  • (Morocco) IPA^(key): /rum.maːn/

Noun

رُمَّان • (rummān) m (collective, singulative رُمَّانَة f (rummāna))

1. (uncountable) pomegranate
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 55:68:

     فِيهِمَا فَـاكِهَةٌ وَنَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌ

     fīhimā fākihatun wanaḵlun warummānun

     In both of them are fruit, and palm trees, and pomegranates.

   • 2020 January 24, “شُبَّانٌ يُعِيدُونَ مِئَاتِ أَشْجَارِ ٱلرُّمَّانِ إِلَى قَرْيَةِ "أُمِّ ٱلْرُّمَّانِ" قُرْبَ تَازَارِينْ”, in Hespress‎^[1]:

     إِنَّ عَدَدَ أَشْجَارِ ٱلرُّمَّانِ ٱلْمُتَبَقِّيَّةِ لَا يَتَجَاوَزُ عَدَدَ أَصَابِعِ ٱلْيَدِ، بَعْدَمَا قَضَى ٱلْجَفَافُ عَلَى أَغْلَبِ ٱلْأَشْجَارِ ٱلْمُثْمِرَةِ، […]

     ʔinna ʕadada ʔašjāri r-rummāni l-mutabaqqiyyati lā yatajāwazu ʕadada ʔaṣābiʕi l-yadi, baʕdamā qaḍā l-jafāfu ʕalā ʔaḡlabi l-ʔašjāri l-muṯmirati, […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (poetic) breasts
3. (obsolete) sliding-weight of a steelyard [11^th–15^th century]

   Hypernyms: بَيْضَة (bayḍa), سَقُوم (saqūm)

   Holonyms: قَبَّان (qabbān), قَرَسْطُون (qarasṭūn)

Declension

Declension of noun رُمَّان (rummān)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُمَّان rummān	الرُّمَّان ar-rummān	رُمَّان rummān
Nominative	رُمَّانٌ rummānun	الرُّمَّانُ ar-rummānu	رُمَّانُ rummānu
Accusative	رُمَّانًا rummānan	الرُّمَّانَ ar-rummāna	رُمَّانَ rummāna
Genitive	رُمَّانٍ rummānin	الرُّمَّانِ ar-rummāni	رُمَّانِ rummāni
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُمَّانَة rummāna	الرُّمَّانَة ar-rummāna	رُمَّانَة rummānat
Nominative	رُمَّانَةٌ rummānatun	الرُّمَّانَةُ ar-rummānatu	رُمَّانَةُ rummānatu
Accusative	رُمَّانَةً rummānatan	الرُّمَّانَةَ ar-rummānata	رُمَّانَةَ rummānata
Genitive	رُمَّانَةٍ rummānatin	الرُّمَّانَةِ ar-rummānati	رُمَّانَةِ rummānati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُمَّانَتَيْن rummānatayn	الرُّمَّانَتَيْن ar-rummānatayn	رُمَّانَتَيْ rummānatay
Nominative	رُمَّانَتَانِ rummānatāni	الرُّمَّانَتَانِ ar-rummānatāni	رُمَّانَتَا rummānatā
Accusative	رُمَّانَتَيْنِ rummānatayni	الرُّمَّانَتَيْنِ ar-rummānatayni	رُمَّانَتَيْ rummānatay
Genitive	رُمَّانَتَيْنِ rummānatayni	الرُّمَّانَتَيْنِ ar-rummānatayni	رُمَّانَتَيْ rummānatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُمَّانَات rummānāt	الرُّمَّانَات ar-rummānāt	رُمَّانَات rummānāt
Nominative	رُمَّانَاتٌ rummānātun	الرُّمَّانَاتُ ar-rummānātu	رُمَّانَاتُ rummānātu
Accusative	رُمَّانَاتٍ rummānātin	الرُّمَّانَاتِ ar-rummānāti	رُمَّانَاتِ rummānāti
Genitive	رُمَّانَاتٍ rummānātin	الرُّمَّانَاتِ ar-rummānāti	رُمَّانَاتِ rummānāti

Derived terms

• رُمَّانِيَّة (rummāniyya, “medieval dish made with pomegranate”)

Descendants

• Maltese: rummien
• → Gujarati: રુમ્માન (rummān)
• → Italian: romano
• → Ottoman Turkish: رمان (rüman)
• →? Portuguese: romã
• → Tamil: ரும்மான் (rummāṉ)

References

• “nurma”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary‎^[2], University of Pennsylvania, 2006
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 142
• Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 19
• Hoch, James E. (1994) Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 24–25
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 144–145
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 80–113
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[4] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 42
• Steiger, Arnald, Walther von Wartburg (1960) “Balance romaine”, in Vox Romanica‎^[5] (in German), volume 19, pages 221–244
• Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 54

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic رُمَّان (rummān).

Noun

رمان • (rüman)

1. pomegranate
2. breasts; boobs

Related terms

• رمانه (rümane, “a single pomegranate”)

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “رمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 987

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from French roman.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

رمان • (român)

1. novel