List of underground newspapers of the 1960s counterculture

This is a partial list of the local underground newspapers launched during the Sixties era of the hippie/psychedelic/youth/counterculture/New Left/antiwar movements, approximately 1965–1973. This list includes periodically appearing papers of general countercultural interest printed in a newspaper format, and specific to a particular locale.

Australia

Sydney FTA, Sydney, 1970^[1]

Belgium

Amenophis, Brussels, 1965–1975^[1]^[2]
Real Free Press, Antwerp

Canada

Ontario

Harbinger, Toronto
Octopus, Ottawa (later Ottawa's Free Press)

Quebec

Pop-See-Cul, Montreal, 1967–1968^[1]
Mainmise, Montreal, 1970–1978^[1]

France

Actuel, Paris
Interluttes, Paris^[4]

India

Hungry Generation weekly bulletins, Calcutta (1961–1965)
Krittibas

Italy

United Kingdom

Black Dwarf
Brighton Voice
Friends (later Frendz)
Gandalf's Garden
Ink
International Times (also IT)
Mole Express^[5]^[6]
Oz

United States

Alabama

Exponent, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1969–present^[7]
High gauge, Tuscaloosa^[8]
Rearguard, Mobile, 1971^[1]

Arizona

Bandersnatch, Tempe, 1968–1969
Butterfield Express, Tucson
Druid Free Press, Tempe, 1969
Gambit, Tempe, 1968^[1]
Rebirth, Phoenix, 1969
Resurrection, Tucson, 1970^[1]

California

Alto, Isla Vista, 1967–1969^[9]
Berkeley Barb, Berkeley, 1965–1980
Berkeley Tribe, Berkeley, 1969–1972 (split from the Berkeley Barb after staff went on strike)
The Black Panther, Oakland
Bullsheet, Pasadena, 1969–1974
Dock of the Bay, San Francisco
Free Spaghetti Dinner, Santa Cruz
From Out of Sherwood Forest, Newport Beach
Good Times, San Francisco, 1969–1972 (formerly San Francisco Express-Times)
Haight Ashbury Free Press, San Francisco
Haight Ashbury Tribune, San Francisco (at least 16 issues)
Illustrated Paper, Mendocino, 1966–1967
Leviathan, San Francisco, 1969–1970
Long Beach Free Press, Long Beach, 1969–1970
Los Angeles Free Press, Los Angeles, 1964–1978 (new series 2005–present)
Los Angeles Staff, Los Angeles (splintered from Los Angeles Free Press)
Los Angeles Underground, Los Angeles, first issue published April 1, 1967 by Al & Barbara (Dolores) Mitchell
Northcoast Ripsaw, Eureka
OB Rag, Ocean Beach, 1970–1975 (new series 2001–2003, blog 2007–present)
Open City, Los Angeles, 1967–1969
Oracle of Southern California, Los Angeles
The Organ, Fresno, 1968
The Organ, San Francisco, 1970–1971
Peninsula Observer, Palo Alto
The San Diego Door, San Diego, 1966–1970 (formerly Good Morning, Teaspoon)
San Diego Free Press, San Diego 1968–1970 (changed name to San Diego Street Journal)
San Francisco Express Times, San Francisco, 1968–1969 (changed name to Good Times)
San Francisco Oracle, San Francisco, 1966–1968
San Jose Maverick, San Jose
San Jose Red Eye, San Jose
Seventy-Nine Cent Spread, Carmel
Stockton Silver Hammer, Stockton
SunDance, San Francisco, 1972
Tuesday's Child, Los Angeles, 1969–1970

Colorado

Aboveground, Colorado Springs, 1969–1970^[1]
Blue Screw, Aurora, 1973–1974^[1]
Chinook, Denver, 1969–1972
El Gallo, Denver, 1967–1975^[1]
Mountain Free Press, Denver, 1968–1970^[1]

Connecticut

Hartford's Other Voice, Hartford
Storrs Weekly Reader, Storrs, 1971–1973^[1]
View from the Bottom, New Haven

Delaware

Heterodoxical Voice, Newark

District of Columbia

Colonial Times, 1971–1972^[10]
The Daily Rag, 1972^[11]
Quicksilver Times, 1969–1972
Washington Free Press

Florida

Amazing Grace, Tallahassee^[12]
Aquarian, Temple Terrace, 1969^[1]
Balaklava, Sarasota^[13]
Bay Area Free Press, Tampa, 1970^[1]
Both Sides Now, Jacksonville, 1969–1975^[1]
Daily Planet, Miami (formerly Miami Free Press)
Gulf Coast Fish Cheer, Pensacola^[14]
Iconoclast, Pensacola, Florida, 1971–1974
The Monocle, Tampa
Ragweed, St. Petersburg

Georgia

Albion's Grace, Savannah
The Great Speckled Bird, Atlanta, 1968–1976

Illinois

The Angry Voice, Greenville, 1969–1970
Big Muddy Gazette, Carbondale, 1969–1972
The Bridge, Chicago, 1967–1968
Chicago Seed, Chicago, 1967–1973
Chicago Kaleidoscope, Chicago
Curb: Dedicated to Curbing Armed Problem Solving and Solving People Problems, Elmhurst, 1970–1973
A Four Year Bummer, Champaign, 1969–1970^[1]
News from Nowhere, DeKalb
Rising Up Angry, Chicago, 1969–1975
Second City, Chicago
The Walrus, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, 1968–1973^[15]

Indiana

Bauls of the Brickyard, West Lafayette, 1969
Grinding Stone, Terre Haute
Indianapolis Free Press, Indianapolis, 1969–1970
The Only Alternative, Muncie, 1968–1971
The Spectator, Bloomington, 1966–1971

Iowa

Middle Earth, Iowa City, 1967–1968
Pterodactyl, Grinnell

Kansas

Alchemist, Manhattan, 1968–1969^[1]
Custer's Last Stand, Manhattan, 1971^[1]
Vortex, Lawrence

Kentucky

Louisiana

In Arcane Logos, New Orleans, 1969
NOLA Express, New Orleans
The Ungarbled Word, New Orleans

Maryland

Baltimore Free Press, Baltimore, 1968
Dragon Seed, Baltimore, 1972
Harry, Baltimore, 1969–1970
The Pawn, Fort Detrick, 1969–1970^[1]

Massachusetts

Avatar, Boston, 1967–1968
Boston Free Press, Boston
Boston Phoenix
East Boston Community News, 1970-1989^[18] Footnote links to Northeastern University Library's archive of all editions
The Free Press of Springfield, Springfield (became Common Sense in 1969)
Mother of Voices, Amherst
Old Mole, Cambridge
Thursday, Cambridge
Worcester Phoenix
Worcester Punch, Worcester
Zig zag, Montague^[19]

Michigan

Ann Arbor Argus, Ann Arbor, 1969–1971
Ann Arbor Sun, Ann Arbor, 1971–1976^[20]
Fifth Estate, Detroit, 1965–present
god mother and apple pie/Up Against the Wall Street Journal, Saginaw, 1969–1971
The Paper, East Lansing
South End, East Lansing

Minnesota

The Freeway, Duluth, 1971
Hundred Flowers, Minneapolis, 1970–1972
Minneapolis Flag, Minneapolis, 1969
Hair, Minneapolis, 1969-1970.

Mississippi

Creem, Birmingham^[21]
Kudzu, Jackson, 1968–1972

Missouri

Daily Flash, St. Louis (changed name to Xanadu)
The New Hard Times, (St. Louis, 1968–1970
The Outlaw, St. Louis, 1970–1973

Montana

Borrowed Times, Missoula, 1972–1980^[22]

Nebraska

Buffalo Chip, Omaha (started December 1967)
Omaha Kaleidoscope, Omaha

Nevada

Las Vegas Free Press, Las Vegas
Love, Reno

New Jersey

Abas, Newark, 1968–1969^[1]
All You Can Eat, New Brunswick, 1970–1973

New Mexico

Astral Projection, Albuquerque
Caliche County Rendering Works, Albuquerque, 1968–1970
The Fountain of Light, Taos, 1968–1970
The Hips Voice, Santa Fe

New York

Buffalo Insighter, Buffalo, 1967–1968^[1]
East Village Other, New York City, 1965–1972
Edge City, Syracuse, 1970–1971^[1]
New York Ace, New York City, 1971–1972
New York Avatar, New York City
New York Free Press, New York City
Other Scenes (dispatched from various locations around the world)^{[clarification needed]}
Rat Subterranean News, New York City, 1968–1970 (later Women's LibeRATion)
Space, Binghamton, 1972 (formerly Lost in Space)

North Carolina

The Anvil, Durham, 1967–1983
The Inquisition, Charlotte
Protean Radish, Chapel Hill

Ohio

Angry City Press, Cleveland, 1970^[1]
Aquarius, Dayton
The Big Us, Cleveland, 1968–1970 (changed name to Burning River News)
Columbus Free Press, Columbus, 1969–present
Cuyahoga Current, Cleveland, Ohio, 1972-^[23]
Great Swamp Erie Da Da Boom, Cleveland, 1970–1972
Hash, Warren, 1970–1972^[1]
Independent Eye, Cincinnati
New Age, Athens
Queen City Express, Cincinnati
Razzberry Radicle, Dayton
Minority Report, Dayton

Oklahoma

Home Cookin, Oklahoma City
Jones Family Grandchildren, Norman
Jones Family Grandchildren II, Stillwater
Osmosis, Tulsa, 1972

Oregon

Eugene Augur, Eugene, 1969–1972
Willamette Bridge, Portland, 1968–1971

Pennsylvania

Common Sense, Philadelphia, published by Philadelphia Resistance, 1969–1974
Distant Drummer, Philadelphia, 1970–1979 (changed name to The Drummer)
Philadelphia Free Press, Philadelphia, 1968–1972
Pittsburgh Fair Witness, Pittsburgh, 1970–1973 (changed name from Grok)
Plain Dealer, Philadelphia
Water Tunnel, State College
Yarrowstalks, Philadelphia

Rhode Island

Extra!, Providence

Tennessee

Root, Memphis, 1969
The Hinterlands, Knoxville, 1966

Texas

Dallas Notes, Dallas, 1967–1970 (originally Notes from the Underground)
The Eagle bone whistle, San Antonio^[24]
The Rag, Austin, 1966–1977
San Antonio Gazette, San Antonio, 1971–1975
Space City, Houston, 1969–1972 (originally Space City News)

Utah

Electric Newspaper, Salt Lake City, 1968 (at least 5 issues)
Utah Free Press, Salt Lake City, 1966–1969

Vermont

The first issue, Plainfield^[25]
Windham Free Press, Putney

Virginia

Alice: Blacksburg Free Press, Blacksburg
The Liberated Castle, Fort Belvoir, 1971^[1]
Richmond Chronicle, Richmond

Washington

Helix, Seattle, 1967–1970
Northwest Passage, Bellingham, 1969–1986
Sabot, Seattle, 1970–1971
Spokane Natural, Spokane, 1967–1970
The Avatar, Olympia, 1967-1969?

West Virginia

Buffalo Chips, Huntington
Liberator, Morgantown, 1969–1971? (later Mountain Liberator)

Wisconsin

Bugle-American, Milwaukee, 1970–1978
The Caravan, Milwaukee, 1967–1971
Connections, Madison, 1967–1969
Counterpoint, Stevens Point
Fox Valley Kaleidoscope, Oshkosh, 1970
Kaleidoscope, Milwaukee, 1967–1971
Madison Kaleidoscope, Madison
Mega Middle Myth, Beloit, 1968
Off the Pigs!, Madison, 1970's (affiliated with The People's Office)
The People's Dreadnaught, Beloit
What's Left, Milwaukee, 1970's

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y "Underground Press maps - Mapping American Social Movements". depts.washington.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
^ Amenophis. OCLC 7382814. Retrieved November 13, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ Ǒmṕhalǒs. OCLC 7539805. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ Interluttes. OCLC 2810287. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ Seccombe, Rick (4 July 2021). "Mike Don obituary". The Guardian.
^ "Grass Eye and Mole Express: Music Magazines and Radical Local Politics in 1960s/70s Manchester, by Kristin Cooper". 8 February 2024.
^ "Exponent (Huntsville, Ala.) 1969-Current". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
^ High gauge. OCLC 42317066. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ "Argo (Isla Vista, Calif.) 1967-1969". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
^ https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9781626199064 Colonial Times history
^ https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9781626199064 The Daily Rag history
^ Amazing grace. OCLC 14117238. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ Balaklava. OCLC 935951131. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ Gulf Coast fish cheer. OCLC 7445876. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ "The time has come, the Walrus said…". 14 February 2014.
^ Blue-tail fly. OCLC 10829593. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ Callaloo #20. OCLC 1049085483. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ "East Boston Community News – Our Home: An East Boston History Portal".
^ Zig zag. OCLC 7589768. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ "Ann Arbor Sun - Freeing John Sinclair". Retrieved 23 July 2016.
^ Creem. OCLC 970992711. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
^ "About Borrowed times. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1972-1980". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
^ "About The Cuyahoga current. (Cleveland, Ohio) 1972-????". Retrieved 2013-08-20.
^ The Eagle bone whistle. OCLC 12006932. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.
^ The first issue. OCLC 50551436. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.

External links

Underground/Alternative Newspapers History and Geography - maps and databases showing over 2,000 underground/alternative newspapers between 1965 and 1975 in the U.S.

[:0-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y "Underground Press maps - Mapping American Social Movements". depts.washington.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-12.

[2] Amenophis. OCLC 7382814. Retrieved November 13, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[3] Ǒmṕhalǒs. OCLC 7539805. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[4] Interluttes. OCLC 2810287. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[5] Seccombe, Rick (4 July 2021). "Mike Don obituary". The Guardian.

[6] "Grass Eye and Mole Express: Music Magazines and Radical Local Politics in 1960s/70s Manchester, by Kristin Cooper". 8 February 2024.

[7] "Exponent (Huntsville, Ala.) 1969-Current". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 18, 2021.

[8] High gauge. OCLC 42317066. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[9] "Argo (Isla Vista, Calif.) 1967-1969". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 17, 2021.

[10] ttps://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9781626199064 Colonial Times history

[11] ttps://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9781626199064 The Daily Rag history

[12] Amazing grace. OCLC 14117238. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[13] Balaklava. OCLC 935951131. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[14] Gulf Coast fish cheer. OCLC 7445876. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[15] "The time has come, the Walrus said…". 14 February 2014.

[16] Blue-tail fly. OCLC 10829593. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[17] Callaloo #20. OCLC 1049085483. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[18] "East Boston Community News – Our Home: An East Boston History Portal".

[19] Zig zag. OCLC 7589768. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[20] "Ann Arbor Sun - Freeing John Sinclair". Retrieved 23 July 2016.

[21] Creem. OCLC 970992711. Retrieved September 16, 2021.

[22] "About Borrowed times. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1972-1980". Library of Congress. Retrieved September 17, 2021.

[23] "About The Cuyahoga current. (Cleveland, Ohio) 1972-????". Retrieved 2013-08-20.

[24] The Eagle bone whistle. OCLC 12006932. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.

[25] The first issue. OCLC 50551436. Retrieved September 17, 2021 – via WorldCat.

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