Kamehameha I established the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1795 after conquering most of the Hawaiian Islands. In 1810, Kaumualiʻi became a vassal of Kamehameha I, who therefore emerged as the sole sovereign of the island chain of Hawaiʻi. His dynasty lasted until 1872, and his Kingdom lasted until 1893, when Queen Liliʻuokalani, of the Kalākaua dynasty, was deposed by pro-United States businessmen who led the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The monarchy was officially ended on January 24, 1895, when Liliʻuokalani formally abdicated in response to an attempt to restore the royal government. On November 23, 1993, the Congress passed Public Law 103-150, also known as the Apology Resolution, acknowledging the American role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. President Bill Clinton signed the joint resolution the same day.
| Monarchy of Hawaiʻi | |
|---|---|
 Royal Coat of Arms (1845) | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Style | See below |
| First monarch | Kamehameha I |
| Last monarch | Liliʻuokalani |
| Formation | 1795 |
| Abolition | 1893 (de facto) 1895 (de jure) |
| Residence | ʻIolani Palace (1845–1893) |
Hawaiian Monarchs (1795–1893)
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kamehameha I Spring, 1795 – May 8, 1819 |
c. 1758 Moʻokini Heiau, Kohala, Hawaiʻi island son of Keōua and Kekuʻiapoiwa |
various | May 8, 1819 Kamakahonu, Kailua-Kona, Kona, Hawaiʻi island aged 61? | |
| Kamehameha II May 20, 1819 – July 14, 1824 |
November 1797 Hilo, Hawaiʻi island son of Kamehameha I and Keōpūolani |
(1) Kamāmalu (2) Kīnaʻu (3) Kekāuluohi (4) Kalanipauahi (5) Kekauʻōnohi (6) Kekaihaʻakūlou |
July 14, 1824 Caledonian Hotel, London, England aged 27 | |
| Kamehameha III June 6, 1825 – December 15, 1854 |
August 11, 1813 Keauhou Bay, North Kona, Hawaiʻi island son of Kamehameha I and Keōpūolani |
Kalama Honolulu, Oʻahu 14 February 1837 two sons |
December 15, 1854 Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 41 | |
| Kamehameha IV January 11, 1855 – November 30, 1863 |
February 9, 1834 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological son of Kekūanaōʻa and Kīnaʻu and hānai son of Kamehameha III and Kalama |
Emma Rooke Kawaiahaʻo Church, Honolulu, Oʻahu 19 June 1856 one son |
November 30, 1863 Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 29 | |
| Kamehameha V November 30, 1863 – December 11, 1872 |
December 11, 1830 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological son of Kekūanaōʻa and Kīnaʻu and hānai son of Nāhiʻenaʻena (later) Hoapili and Kaheiheimālie |
Never married | December 11, 1872 ʻIolani Palace, Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 42 | |
| Lunalilo January 8, 1873 – February 3, 1874 |
January 31, 1835 Pohukaina, Honolulu, Oʻahu son of Kanaʻina and Kekāuluohi |
Never married | February 3, 1874 Haimoeipo, Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 39 | |
| Kalākaua February 12, 1874 – January 20, 1891 |
November 16, 1836 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological son of Kapaʻakea and Keohokālole and hānai son of Kinimaka and Haʻaheo Kaniu |
Kapiʻolani Honolulu, Oʻahu December 19, 1863 |
January 20, 1891 Palace Hotel, San Francisco, California, United States aged 54 | |
| Liliʻuokalani January 29, 1891 – January 17, 1893 |
September 2, 1838 Honolulu, Oʻahu biological daughter of Kapaʻakea and Keohokālole and hānai daughter of Pākī and Kōnia |
John Owen Dominis ʻAikupika, Haleakala Estate, Honolulu, Oʻahu September 16, 1862 |
November 11, 1917 Washington Place, Honolulu, Oʻahu aged 79 |
Styles
edit| Period | Style | Used by |
|---|---|---|
| 1795–1852 | Hawaiian: Aliʻi Nui English: High Chief[1][2] Meaning: Originally meaning "Great Chief" of a single island[3][4] (not the same as a European king)[3] |
Kamehameha I Kamehameha II Kamehameha III |
| 1852–1887 | Hawaiian: Aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina English: Monarch of the Hawaiian Islands |
Kamehameha III Kamehameha IV Kamehameha V Lunalilo Kalākaua |
| 1863–1887 | Hawaiian: Ma ka Lokomaikaʻi o ke Akua, Ke Aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina English: By the grace of God, the Monarch of the Hawaiian Islands |
Kamehameha IV Kamehameha V Lunalilo Kalākaua Liliuokalani I |
| 1887–1891 | Hawaiian: Ma ka Lokomaikaʻi o ke Akua, Moʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina English: By the grace of God, King of the Hawaiian Islands |
Kalākaua |
| 1891–1893 | Hawaiian: Ma ka Lokomaikaʻi o ke Akua, Moʻi Wahine o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina English: By the grace of God, Queen of the Hawaiian Islands |
Liliuokalani |
Timeline
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Roger S. Gottlieb (November 7, 2003). This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment. Routledge. pp. 126–. ISBN 978-1-136-91539-0.
- ^ Mary Māmaka Kaiao Kuleana kope. "Hawaiian Dictionaries". University of Hawaii Press. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
- ^ a b e. Craighill Handy (December 15, 1989). Ancient Hawaiian Civilization: A Series of Lectures Delivered at THE KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOLS. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-1-4629-0438-9.
- ^ Margaret Jolly (1989). Family and Gender in the Pacific: Domestic Contradictions and the Colonial Impact. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-0-521-34667-2.
Bibliography
edit- Alexander, William DeWitt (1891). "Appendix H: Sovereigns of the Hawaiian Islands". A Brief History of the Hawaiian People. New York: American Book Company. p. 331. OCLC 187412143.
- Cartwright, Bruce (1930). "Note on Hawaiian Genealogies". Thirty-eighth annual report of the Hawaiian Historical Society for the year 1929. Hawaiian Historical Society. pp. 45–47. hdl:10524/33.
- Kamakau, Samuel (1992) [1961]. Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii (Revised ed.). Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press. ISBN 0-87336-014-1. OCLC 25008795.
- Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson (1965) [1938]. The Hawaiian Kingdom 1778–1854, Foundation and Transformation. Vol. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-87022-431-X. OCLC 47008868.
- Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson (1953). The Hawaiian Kingdom 1854–1874, Twenty Critical Years. Vol. 2. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-87022-432-4. OCLC 47010821.
- Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson (1967). The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1893, The Kalakaua Dynasty. Vol. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-87022-433-1. OCLC 500374815.
- Osorio, Jon Kamakawiwoʻole (2002). Dismembering Lāhui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2549-7. OCLC 48579247.
- Taylor, Albert Pierce (1922). Under Hawaiian Skies: A Narrative of the Romance, Adventure and History of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing Company, Ltd. p. 399. OCLC 479709.