Hoplestigma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, although this is disputed, and it has been placed in its own family Hoplestigmataceae. Its two species are native to Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast and Liberia in western tropical Africa.[1]
| Hoplestigma | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | Hoplestigma Pierre[1] |
| Type species | |
| Hoplestigma klaineanum Pierre
| |
| Species | |
Taxonomy
editThe genus Hoplestigma was established by Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre in 1899. The genus name Hoplestigma is derived from the Greek hople, "a hoof or a cloven hoof" and stigma, "a flower stigma". The botanical name is a reference to the deeply bifid style.[2]
The family placement of the genus has varied. It was traditionally included in Boraginaceae sensu lato,[3] as it was in the APG IV system,[4] and by Plants of the World Online as of February 2023[update].[1] A study of pollen in 1989 suggested that Hoplestigma might be related to the family Ehretiaceae (= Boraginaceae subfamily Ehretioideae).[5] In a 2014 molecular phylogenetic study based on chloroplast DNA, Hoplestigma formed a strongly supported clade with Coldenia and genera that have been placed in the family Cordiaceae (= Boraginaceae subfamily Cordioideae) and the authors recommended that Hoplestigma and Coldenia be included in Cordiaceae.[6] In 2016, the Boraginales Working Group placed Hoplestigma in its own family Hoplestigmataceae.[7]
Species
editAs of February 2023[update], two species are recognized:[1]
Both are rare trees of lowland jungle in West and Central Africa.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Hoplestigma Pierre". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Vol. II. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2676-9.
- ^ Heywood, Vernon H.; Brummitt, Richard K.; Seberg, Ole & Culham, Alastair (2007). Flowering Plant Families of the World. Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
- ^ Nowicke, Joan W. & Miller, James S. (1989). "Pollen morphology and the relationships of Hoplestigmataceae". Taxon. 38 (1): 12–16. doi:10.2307/1220882. JSTOR 1220882.
- ^ Weigend, Maximilian; Luebert, Federico; Gottschling, Marc; Couvreur, Thomas L.P.; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Miller, James S. (2014). "From capsules to nutlets — phylogenetic relationships in the Boraginales". Cladistics. 30 (5): 508–518. doi:10.1111/cla.12061. PMID 34794245. S2CID 11954615.
- ^ Luebert, Federico; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Frohlich, Michael W.; Gottschling, Marc; Guilliams, C. Matt; Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Miller, James S.; Mittelbach, Moritz; Nazaire, Mare; Nepi, Massimo; Nocentini, Daniele; Ober, Dietrich; Olmstead, Richard G.; Selvi, Federico; Simpson, Michael G.; Sutorý, Karel; Valdés, Benito; Walden, Genevieve K.; Weigend, Maximilian (24 June 2016). "Boraginales Working Group: Familial classification of the Boraginales". Taxon. 65 (3): 502–522. doi:10.12705/653.5. hdl:11365/993946.
- ^ Mabberley, David J. (2008). Mabberley's Plant-Book. Cambridge University Press.