Helena of Serbia (Serbian: Јелена/Jelena, Hungarian: Ilona; b. after 1109 – after 1146) was Queen of Hungary as the wife of King Béla II. After her husband's death, she governed Hungary as regent from 1141 to September 1146 together with her brother, Beloš, during the minority of her eldest son, Géza II, came of age.
| Helena of Serbia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Helena, depicted as witnessing the execution of one of her husband's enemies, in the Chronicon Pictum | |||||
| Queen consort of Hungary | |||||
| Tenure | 1131–1141 | ||||
| Born | after 1109 | ||||
| Died | after 1146 | ||||
| Spouse | Béla II of Hungary | ||||
| Issue | |||||
| |||||
| House | Vukanović | ||||
| Father | Uroš I of Serbia | ||||
| Mother | Anna Diogene | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism, previously Eastern Orthodoxy | ||||
A daughter of Prince Uroš I of Serbia (r. ca. 1112–1145), she was arranged to marry Béla II in 1129 by his cousin, King Stephen II (r. 1116–1131). Her younger sons, Ladislaus II and Stephen IV, also ruled as kings of Hungary. She had two other brothers Uroš II and Desa besides Beloš.
Life
editEarly life
editHelena was the daughter of Serbian Grand Prince Uroš I (r. ca. 1112–1145) of the Vukanović dynasty, and Byzantine princess Anna Diogene.[1] Her father had participated in the Byzantine-Hungarian War (1127–29), on the side of King Stephen II of Hungary.[2] The Hungarian Army had destroyed Byzantine Belgrade and penetrated to Naissos (Niš), Serdica (Sofia) and Philippopolis (Plovdiv).
Around 1129, King Stephen II arranged her marriage with his cousin Béla, who had been blinded on the order of the king's father, King Coloman of Hungary (r. 1095–1116). Béla and his father Almos were blinded, so that they will be removed from the line of succession. However, King Stephen was childless and decided to recognise Béla as his successor.[citation needed] Uroš I had prior to this suffered to both Hungary and Byzantium, so he happily befriended the Hungarian king.[3] King Stephen II granted estates near Tolna to the newly wed couple.
Queen consort
editFollowing the childless king's death, her husband was crowned King of Hungary on 28 April 1131. Queen Helena had great influence on her husband, and the Hungarian state.[2] They had six children: Géza II, Ladislaus II, Stephen IV, Álmos,[4] Sophia[5] and Elisabeth or Gertrud. She was to great help to her husband and governed the state during his rule.[4] She was loyal to her husband and state, and it was she who persuaded the nobles at an assembly in Arad to execute 68 Hungarian aristocrats who had plotted with King Coloman to blind her husband. According to contemporary sources she was attending the execution with her son Béla [there is no such son by that name, perhaps baby Géza or spouse Béla?], in order to secure the death of her husband's enemies.
She settled Serbs in Csepel Island, and Ráckeve, where she built a monastery and church which exist still today.[3]
Regency
editWhen her husband died on 13 February 1141, their eldest son Géza II was still a child, therefore Helena and her brother Beloš Vukanović governed the Kingdom of Hungary until September 1146 when Géza II came of age. Beloš was Palatine of Hungary, the highest-ranking official, from 1141 to 1161,[3] and Ban of Slavonia from 1146 to 1157. Helena continued to hold great influence on the rule and with the help of her brother Hungary had good relations and peace on its southern borders.[1] In the period of Bela's death, the German-Hungarian relations had been shattered and the engagement of Henric and Sophia, Helena's daughter, was canceled. Sophia took monastic vows and became an abbess at Admont, in Styria.[5]
Rule of Géza II and aftermath
editDuring the rule of Géza II, Stephen IV and Ladislaus II were not satisfied with their titles and possessions, so they sought help with the Holy Roman Emperors and Byzantine Emperors. The plots against Géza II had no success, and after his death (1161) Manuel I Komnenos saw a good opportunity to expand Byzantine influence in Hungary. Manuel helped to dethrone Stephen III, son of Géza II, and place firstly Ladislaus II and then Stephen IV for a short time. Finally, Stephen III secured the throne in 1163.[6] Queen Helena is believed to have died in 1161.
Marriage and children
edit# c. 1129: King Béla II of Hungary (c. 1110 – 13 February 1141)
- Elisabeth or Gertrud (c. 1129 – before 1155), wife of duke Mieszko III of Poland
- King Géza II of Hungary (c. 1130 – 3 May 1162)
- King Ladislaus II of Hungary (1131 – 14 January 1163)
- King Stephen IV of Hungary (c. 1133 – 11 April 1165)
- Álmos (?)
- Sophia (c. 1136 – ?), nun at Admont (Styria)
References
edit- ^ a b Magyar Tudományos Akadémia 1987, p. 1194
- ^ a b Andrija Veselinović; Radoš Ljušić (2008). Srpske dinastije. Službene glasink. p. 40. ISBN 978-86-7549-921-3.
[...] Краљица Јелена је имала велики утицај на свог мужа, па и у угарској држави, што јечинила и за време владавине свог сина Гезе II (1141-1161). По- ред Гезе, Јелена и Бела су имали још два сина, Ладислава и Стефана, који су ...
- ^ a b c Српско учено друштво (1887). Гласник Српскога ученог друштва ... p. ix.
За тим је сина свога оженио (1129) Јеленом ћерком рашког жупана Уроша I (") Урош се радо опријатељио с мађарским ... Краљица Јелена населила је ове своје земљаке на чешељском острву, а у данашњем Српском – Ковину назидала им је манастир и цркву, која још и данас постоји ("). Јеленин брат Белуш био је Надворник (Palatinus) мађарске краљевине од 1141 до 1161. Оне исте године 1129, кад је Стеван сина свога оженио, велика је несрећа постигла мађарску флотилу у рату са грчким царем Јованом Комненом, под чију је заштиту прибегао мађ. херцег Алмош. Под Хоромом (") спалише и ...
- ^ a b Magyar Tudományos Akadémia 1987, p. 1191
- ^ a b Magyar Tudományos Akadémia 1987, p. 1195
- ^ Magyar Tudományos Akadémia 1987, pp. 1218–1220
Sources
edit- István Soltész (1999). Árpád-házi királynék: szentek és szeretők (in Hungarian). Gabo. ISBN 978-963-9237-40-7.
- Gyula Kristó; Ferenc Makk (1996). Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (in Hungarian). I.P.C. Könyvek. ISBN 978-963-7930-97-3.
- Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (1987). Magyarország története: Elozmenyek es Magyar tortenet 1242-IG (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 9789630515184.
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